Drilling Fluid Technology for Test Well with Ultra-Long Horizontal Section in Shale Oil Block Gulong
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摘要: 随着“大庆古龙陆相页岩油国家级示范区”建设逐渐深入，为评价水平段长与油气产量的相关性，计划实施超长水平段试验井，将水平段长由2000～2500 m增加至3000～3500 m。结合古龙页岩油区块地层特征，分析了超长水平段井壁稳定、降阻减摩和井眼清洁等钻井液施工难点，从钻井液密度确定、油水比例选择、封堵性能强化等方面，优化BH-OBM强封堵油基钻井液体系；采用“低黏高切”钻井液流变性能和激进钻井参数，保证井眼清洁和降低摩阻。试验井GY2-Q9-H47井施工顺利，Φ215.9 mm 裸眼井段电测平均井径扩大率为3.61%，井壁稳定性好；刷新区块完钻井深最深（5526 m）、水平段最长（3123 m）两项纪录。Abstract: With the development of the “Daqing Gulong Continental Shale Oil National Demonstration Zone”, wells with ultra-long horizontal sections are drilled to evaluate the correlation between the length of the horizontal section and the oil and gas production rate of a well. The length of the horizontal section is planned to be extended from the present 2000-2500 m to 3000-3500 m. Based on the formation characteristics of the Gulong shale oil block, drilling problems such as borehole wall stability, drag and friction reduction and borehole cleaning etc. that are probably encountered in drilling the ultra-long horizontal section wells were analyzed; the oil-based drilling fluid BH-OBM was optimized for those properties such as density, oil/water ratio and plugging performance, etc. During drilling, a “low viscosity high gel strength” rheology strategy and high drilling parameters were used to ensure hole cleaning and low friction and drag. The drilling operation of the test well GY2-Q9-H47 was successful: the average percent hole enlargement of the Φ215.9 mm was only 3.61% (based on wireline logging data), no borehole wall instability was encountered during drilling, and two new records in the shale gas oil block were set: the deepest well (5526 m) and the longest horizontal section (3123 m).
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Key words:
- Gulong shale oil /
- Ultra-long horizontal section /
- Test well /
- Drilling fluid
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表 1 试验井GY2-Q9-H47的井身结构
开钻次序 井眼尺寸/mm 井深/m 套管尺寸/mm 套管下深/m 一开 444.5 215 339.7 0～214 二开 311.2 1891 244.5 0～1890 三开 215.9 5526 139.7 0～5523 
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表 2 不同密度油基钻井液老化前后的性能
实验条件 ρ/（g·cm−3） PV/mPa·s YP/Pa φ6/φ3 Gel/（Pa/Pa） ES/V FLHTHP/mL 油水比 老化前 1.60 29 7.0 6.0/4.0 2.0/5.0 612 80∶20 150℃、16 h 1.60 27 8.0 6.0/5.0 3.0/5.5 634 2.4 80∶20 老化前 1.70 31 7.5 7.0/6.0 3.5/6.0 701 80∶20 150℃、16 h 1.70 30 8.5 6.0/5.0 3.5/6.0 724 2.8 80∶20 老化前 1.80 33 8.0 9.0/8.0 4.0/7.0 805 85∶15 150℃、16 h 1.80 31 9.0 9.5/8.0 5.0/7.5 846 2.6 85∶15 注：FLHTHP在150℃、3.5 MPa测定。
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表 3 油基钻井液油水比例变化性能
油水比 实验条件 ρ/（g·cm−3） PV/mPa·s YP/Pa φ6/φ3 Gel/（Pa/Pa） ES/V FLHTHP/mL 80∶20 老化前 1.60 29 7.0 6/4 2.0/5.0 612 150℃、16 h 1.60 27 8.0 6/5 3.0/5.5 634 2.4 85∶15 老化前 1.60 27 6.0 5/4 2.0/4.5 858 150℃、16 h 1.60 26 7.0 6/5 2.5/5.0 842 2.2 80∶20 老化前 1.70 31 7.5 7/6 3.5/6.0 701 150℃、16 h 1.70 30 8.5 6/5 3.0/6.0 724 2.8 85∶15 老化前 1.70 29 7.0 6.5/5 3.5/7.0 820 150℃、16 h 1.70 28 8.0 5.5/4.5 3.0/6.0 871 2.4 注：FLHTHP在150℃×3.5 MPa下测定。
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表 4 油基钻井液的PPA封堵性能（ρ=1.60 g/cm3）
陶瓷砂盘
孔径/μm不同时间的滤失量（150℃、3.5 MPa）/mL 1 min 7.5 min 10 min 20 min 30 min 5 0.1 0.4 0.6 1.2 2.9 10 0.1 0.4 0.5 1.1 2.4
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表 5 GY2-Q9-H47井油基钻井液现场施工性能
井深/
mρ/
g·cm−3FV/
sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/Pa碱度 Vs/
%ES/
VFLHTHP/
mL油水比 1891 1.60 51 30 7 6/4 5.0/8 2.2 25 560 2.4 80∶20 2084 1.60 53 31 8 6/5 6.0/9 2.2 25 577 2.2 83∶17 2400 1.62 60 32 8 7/6 6.0/10 2.2 26 630 2.0 85∶15 3100 1.65 61 33 9 8/7 6.0/10 2.2 27 880 2.0 85∶15 3730 1.68 63 34 11 7/6 6.5/11 2.1 30 882 2.2 85∶15 4545 1.70 64 35 12 8/7 7.0/12 2.0 32 881 2.0 86∶14 5526 1.75 65 37 13 10/9 8.0/13 1.6 33 878 2.0 86∶14
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