Performance Comparison and Selection of a Fracturing Fluid Suitable for High Temperature Offshore Reservoirs
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摘要: 针对海上压裂空间小、储层温度高、需海水配液等受限条件对海水基压裂液的性能需求，开发一种耐高温海水基聚合物压裂液，评价其耐温耐剪切、黏弹性、高温变剪切、触变性、携砂性能、静态滤失、破胶性能及返排液重复利用等性能并与瓜胶压裂液进行对比研究。研究表明，与瓜胶压裂液相比，聚合物压裂液在150℃高温剪切时初始呈现线性胶状态，可降低井筒泵送摩阻，在高温条件下增稠能力更强，高温剪切条件下结构更加稳定，携砂性能更好，滤失、破胶后残渣更低，对储层伤害小，可使用模拟返排液直接配液使用，成本比瓜胶压裂液低12.2%，适合于在海上压裂施工中应用。Abstract: Several special problems, such as narrow operation space, high reservoir temperature and formulation of fracturing fluids with seawater etc. exist in offshore fracturing operations and present special requirements for the performance of fracturing fluids. To deal with these problems, a high temperature seawater-based polymer fracturing fluid was developed and evaluated for its high temperature stability, shear resistance performance, viscoelasticity, shearing property at high rate of temperature variation, thixotropy, sand carrying capacity, static filtration property, gel breaking performance as well as the recycle of the flowback fluids etc. A comparative study was conducted with a guar gum fracturing fluid. Research shows that unlike the guar gum fracturing fluid, this high temperature seawater-based polymer fracturing fluid, when undergoing high-temperature shearing at 150℃, initially presents a linear gel state, by which the pumping friction in the well can be reduced. At elevated temperatures, this polymer fracturing fluid has better thickening capacity. When sheared at high temperatures, the structure of the polymer becomes more stable, thereby enhancing the sand carrying capacity of the fracturing fluid. After filtration and gel breaking, the amount of the residues left over is much lower than that of the guar gum fracturing fluid, imposing only slight formation damage. This polymer fracturing fluid can be formulated with simulated flowback fluid, its cost is 12.2% lower than that of the guar gum fluid, and is suitable for offshore fracturing operations.
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表 1 海水基压裂液的稠度系数和幂律指数
海水基压裂液 剪切速率/s−1 K/Pa·sn n 瓜胶 10～20 810.72 0.0703 20～200 0.9984 聚合物 10～70 1288.95 0.3033 70～100 1.8984 100～200 2332.93 0.0033 
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