Development and Application of the Filming Protecting Agent BHJ-RF for Deep Coal-Bed Methane Reservoirs
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摘要: 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘深层煤层气储量丰富，其中神木-佳县区块是鄂尔多斯盆地东缘重要产区，勘探开发潜力巨大。通过对神木-佳县区块深煤储层矿物特征、孔隙结构特征、割理发育特征等多个方面进行详细研究后，发现该区块深部煤岩裂缝发育，煤岩易水化膨胀，钻井过程中存在钻井液液相易侵入储层等危害储层的现象。针对以上问题，研发了适用于深煤储层保护措施的成膜保护剂BHJ-RF，利用红外光谱等手段进行结构表征，并结合中压滤失等实验方法对其进行性能评价。实验结果表明，4%膨润土基浆、2%膨润土基浆在加入一定量成膜保护剂BHJ-RF后滤失量均有明显下降，相比未添加成膜剂时的滤失量降低率分别为25%、35%；30 min累计滤失量为31.5 mL，比基浆滤失量降低40%。此外，在确定基浆的基础上进行实验研究，以成膜保护剂BHJ-RF为核心处理剂形成一套深煤层钻井液体系，并进行综合性能评价，该钻井液具有很好的流变性等，中压滤失量为3.2 mL；同时具有较强的渗透率恢复能力，平均岩心渗透率损害恢复值达到87.13%，满足钻井液的基础性能要求及深煤层钻进需求，为神木-佳县区块深部煤层气的储层保护提供技术支持。Abstract: The deep formations in the eastern margin of the Ordos basin have plenty reserves of coal-bed methane (CBM), the Shenmu-Jiaxian block in the eastern margin of the basin is an important CBM production area with huge exploration and development potential. Detailed investigation of the mineral characteristics, pore structure feature and cleat development characteristics etc. of the CMB reservoir formations in the Shenmu-Jiaxian block shows that the deep coal rocks are developed with plenty of fractures and are easy to hydrate and expand, the invasion of drilling fluid filtrates during drilling cause the coal rocks to be damaged. To deal with these problems, a filming protecting agent BHJ-RF suitable for deep CBM reservoir protection was developed, and was characterized by means of IR spectrum etc. The performance of BHJ-RF was evaluated using API filtration test etc. Experimental results show that a 4% bentonite base mud and a 2% bentonite base mud have their filtration rates significantly reduced by 25% and 35% respectively after treatment with BHJ-RF, and the accumulated 30-min filtration rate of the BHJ-RF treated base mud is 31.5 mL, 40% lower than that of the non-treated base mud. After the composition of the base mud was determined, a drilling fluid for deep CBM drilling was formulated with the filming protecting agent BHJ-RF as the core additive. Comprehensive performance evaluation of the optimized drilling fluid shows that it has good rheology and an API filter loss of 3.2 mL. The drilling fluid has good permeability recovery capacity; the average percent permeability recovery tested on cores is 87.13%. These properties of the drilling fluid satisfy the requirements of deep CBM drilling and provide a technical support for deep CBM reservoir protection in the Shenmu-Jiaxian block.
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表 1 神木-佳县区块各井全岩矿物及黏土矿物X-射线衍射定量分析
% 井号 井深/m 石英 方解石 菱铁矿 菱镁矿 黄铁矿 方沸石 重晶石 针铁矿 黏土矿物 铵-伊利石 高岭石 神木301 2357.22 16.9 83.1 2360.89 7.0 93.0 神木101 2160.70 2.2 8.2 8.0 6.5 75.1 2261.18 5.9 3.9 4.4 85.8 佳北1 1942.00 7.7 92.3 佳24-2C1 2539.98 1.6 3.6 6.0 6.7 9.9 72.2 
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表 2 神木-佳县区块各井岩心孔隙度和渗透率分析
井号 井深/
m上覆
压力/
MPa孔隙
体积/
cm3孔隙度/
%克氏
渗透率/
mD空气
渗透率/
mD神木301 2360.89 26.21 1.63 8.44 0.072 0.146 神木101 2160.70 26.21 0.72 3.93 1.990 2.210 佳北1 1942.00 22.07 0.29 1.51 0.239 0.323 佳24-2C1 2539.98 22.07 0.77 4.10 0.030 0.072
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表 3 钻井液基础性能测试
实验
条件ρ/
g·cm−3PV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL润滑
系数pH 老化前 1.23 18.5 14 3.2 5.6 0.257 8.4 80℃、16 h 1.23 19.0 14 3.6 5.9 0.249 8.4
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表 4 钻井液对深部煤层的保护性能
煤岩岩心 K0/
mDKd/
mDKd/K0/
%平均渗透率
恢复值/%神木301 0.2945 0.2635 89.48 87.13 神木101 0.4588 0.4177 91.04 佳北1 0.1833 0.1511 82.41 佳24-2C1 0.8974 0.7684 85.62
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