Comparison of Cuttings Concentration in Annular Spaces of Horizontal Wells Between Water- and Oil-Based Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 目前多数学者研究岩屑运移问题都是在水基钻井液条件下进行的，但随着油基钻井液的应用增多，探讨水基与油基钻井液在岩屑运移上的差异性是十分必要的。因此通过CFD（计算流体力学）建立了三维井眼模型探讨水基与油基钻井液在岩屑运移上的不同，并通过与室内实验结果对比，验证了建立的CFD模型是可靠的。通过CFD数值模拟得出，在偏心度或钻井液入口速度相同的条件下油基钻井液的岩屑床高度低于水基钻井液的岩屑床高度；并且在岩屑粒径为2～4 mm、转速小于80 r/min的情况下，油基钻井液的环空岩屑浓度明显低于水基钻井液的环空岩屑浓度。以往研究指出岩屑颗粒越大越难运移出井筒，但该研究发现2～3 mm的岩屑颗粒相较3～4 mm的岩屑颗粒更难运移出井筒，并不是岩屑粒径越大越难运移出井筒。尽管前人研究表明，偏心度越大岩屑浓度越大，但该研究发现，偏心度低于0.3时，水平井环空岩屑浓度变化不大，但当偏心度超过0.3时，岩屑浓度则逐渐增加。基于上述研究，该结果为水平井的钻井参数优选提供了更好的理解和指导。Abstract: Most researchers are presently conducting researches on cuttings transport in water-based drilling fluid. However, with the increasing application of oil-based drilling fluids, it is necessary to explore the differences in cuttings transport between water- and oil-based drilling fluids. A three-dimensional wellbore model was established through CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) to investigate the differences in cuttings transport between water- and oil-based drilling fluids, and by comparing with the results of laboratory experiments, the reliability of the established CFD model was verified. Through CFD numerical simulation, it was concluded that under the same drill string eccentricity or drilling fluid inlet velocity, the height of the cuttings bed of the oil-based drilling fluid is lower than that of the water-based drilling fluid; and when the particle sizes of the cuttings are 2-4 mm and the drill pipe rotation speed is less than 80 r/min, the cuttings concentration in the oil-based drilling fluid in the annulus is significantly lower than that of the water-based drilling fluid. Previous studies have shown that the larger the cuttings particles, the more difficult it is to transport them out of the wellbore. However, this study found that the cuttings particles with a size of 2-3 mm are more difficult to transport out of the wellbore than those with a size of 3-4 mm, and it is not that the larger the particle size of the cuttings, the more difficult it is to transport them out of the wellbore. Although previous studies have shown that the greater the eccentricity, the higher the cuttings concentration, this study found that when the eccentricity is lower than 0.3, the cuttings concentration in the annulus of the horizontal well does not change much, but when the eccentricity exceeds 0.3, the cuttings concentration gradually increases. Based on the above research, these results provide a better understanding and guidance for the optimization of drilling parameters of horizontal wells.
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表 1 CFD模拟仿真参数
项目 参数值 岩屑密度/(g·cm−3) 2.6 钻井液密度/(g·cm−3) 1.26(油基)、1.18(水基) 钻杆偏心度 0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5 岩屑粒径/mm 1、2、3、4、5 钻杆转速/(r·min−1) 20、40、60、80、100 钻井液入口流速/(m·s−1) 1.00、1.25、1.50 
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