A Highly Inhibitive Low Activity Brine-Based Drilling Fluid
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摘要: 卤水基钻井液体系作为一种新的钻井液体系，在替代油基及传统水基钻井液方面具有较大的价值。针对吐哈油田二叠系目的层井壁失稳严重、储层保护难度大的现状，以氯化物型卤水为分散基液开展钻井液体系研究，通过优选高效处理剂，形成了一套低活度低固相强抑制性的卤水基钻井液体系。该体系组成简单，抑制性强，室内研究表明，该体系具有较好的抗温性及抗污染性，对钢片及橡胶等材料的腐蚀也满足测试标准要求。该体系在吐哈油田准噶尔盆地奇探1块成功进行了应用，目的层段平均井径扩大率为3.44%，钻进时无复杂事故发生，表明低活度低固相强抑制性的卤水基钻井液体系能满足二叠系盆地的钻井要求，氯化物型卤水钻井液体系试验在国内尚属首次，具有进一步优化推广的价值。Abstract: As a new type of drilling fluid, bring-based drilling fluid manifests its significance in replacing oil-based and conventional water-based drilling fluids. To deal with the serious borehole wall collapse and reservoir protection problems encountered in drilling the Permian system reservoir in Tuha oilfield, a chloride brine was chosen as the base fluid for drilling fluid development. By selecting high efficiency drilling fluid additives, a highly inhibitive low solids low activity brine-based drilling fluid was formulated. This drilling fluid has simple composition and strong inhibitive capacity. Laboratory researches show that this drilling fluid has good high temperature stability and contamination resistance, and results of corrosion test with steel plate and rubber satisfy the standard requirements. This drilling fluid was successfully used in the Qitan-1 block in Tuha oilfield, the average percent hole enlargement of the target zone sections was 3.44%, and no downhole troubles were encountered during drilling, demonstrating that the highly inhibitive low solids low activity brine-based drilling fluid can satisfy the requirements of drilling in the Permian basin. The application of the chloride brine-based drilling fluid is the first in China, and is worth further optimization and promotion.
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Key words:
- Brine-based drilling fluid /
- Low activity /
- Plugging and anti-sloughing /
- Qitan-1 block /
- Permian basin
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表 1 在基浆中添加抑制剂0.3%C-DBY的抗温性能
实验条件 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/Pa老化前 38.0 31 7.0 1.0/1.5 80℃、24 h 33.5 28 5.5 0.5/1.0 100℃、24 h 23.0 18 5.0 0.5/1.0 120℃、24 h 22.0 19 3.0 0.5/0.5 注：基浆：400 mL清水+40%CaCl2。 
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表 2 在基浆中加入3%不同降滤失剂的性能
降滤失剂 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mLLH-FRFP 66 45 21 4.5 13 D-Drill-400 78 58 20 5.0 42 AJTL-1 93 58 35 7.5 40 SP-9 89 72 17 6.5 20 注：基浆：清水+40%CaCl2+0.3%C-DBY。
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表 3 封堵剂粒度测定数据
材料名称 D10/μm D50/μm D90/μm 平均粒径/μm 超细碳酸钙 1.60 7.46 18.07 8.04 DRGF-1 3.61 21.05 61.84 27.96 DRGF-2 3.04 16.70 47.91 21.67 TC-6 3.61 20.16 82.35 34.30
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表 4 封堵剂粒度测定数据
沥青材料 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mLDRGF-1 88 76 12 4 8.6 DRGF-2 60 56 4 21 21.4 TC-6 38 35 3 63 86.0 注：基浆：清水+40%CaCl2+3%LH-FRFP+5%超细碳酸钙+0.3%C-DBY+5%沥青类封堵剂+重晶石。
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表 5 体系流变性测定数据
实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL老化前 70.0 54 16.0 1.5/4.0 1.4 80℃、24 h 87.0 74 13.0 1.0/1.5 1.5 12 100℃、24 h 83.0 65 18.0 1.0/1.5 2.4 16 120℃、24 h 61.5 49 12.5 1.0/1.5 2.4 24
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表 6 不同钻井液体系抑制性测定数据
样品 页岩膨胀量/mm 膨胀率/% 清水 3.69 33.0 复合盐钻井液 1.10 10.0 卤水钻井液 0.85 4.2 柴油基钻井液 0.12 2.6
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表 7 在基浆中加入不同污染物的性能
污染物 实验条件 PV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL2%膨润土 常温 34 15 2.5/3.5 2.0 6.0 2%膨润土 120℃、16 h 30 10 0.5/1.5 1.7 3.0 4%膨润土 常温 34 18 3.0/4.0 2.0 2.4 4%膨润土 120℃、16 h 40 14 1.5/2.5 2.0 2.4 5%NaCl 常温 28 11 2.0/2.5 2.0 6.0 5%NaCl 120℃、16 h 21 13 2.5/3.5 1.5 3.0 10%NaCl 常温 31 13 3.0/4.0 2.0 1.6 10%NaCl 120℃、16 h 30 15 4.0/5.0 1.0 2.0
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表 8 体系对N80钢片的腐蚀速率测定数据
CaCl2溶液/% 钢片编号 长度/cm 宽度/cm 高度/cm 孔径/cm 表面积/cm2 m腐蚀前/g m腐蚀后/g t腐蚀/d 腐蚀速率/（mm/a） 10 815 7.600 1.298 0.146 0.796 22.3278 10.4130 10.3184 7 0.281 43 20 812 7.590 1.298 0.146 0.796 22.2989 10.4860 10.4105 7 0.224 90 40 819 7.590 1.298 0.148 0.796 22.3345 10.5400 10.5112 7 0.085 65
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表 9 体系对橡胶材料的腐蚀速率测定数据
溶液
浓度试样 m腐蚀前/
gm7 d/
g质量
变化率7 d/%质量平均
变化率7 d/%40% DZ-3 1 1.5247 1.4955 1.92 1.27 2 1.4973 1.4791 1.22 3 1.5155 1.5053 0.67 DZ-11 1 1.6356 1.5823 3.26 3.17 2 1.7206 1.6717 2.84 3 1.6762 1.6193 3.39
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