Performance Deterioration of High Temperature Filtration Control Agents by CO2 in Deep Formations and Mechanism Analysis Thereof
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摘要: 随着酸性气藏的开发，钻井液面临着CO2侵入的风险。由于酸性气藏埋藏深，高温高密度钻井液体系在受到CO2污染后，性能会显著弱化，尤其是滤失量难以控制。室内建立了一种新型的CO2污染评价实验方法，在150℃下，对几种典型的抗高温降滤失剂进行了CO2侵入污染实验评价。基于“降滤失剂+膨润土浆”宏观和微观性能分析，系统研究了CO2对降滤失剂的弱化机制，以及不同降滤失剂的抗CO2污染性能。研究结果表明，磺化类降滤失剂SAS和SMP-III在受到CO2污染后，其水溶性变差，黏度降低、滤失性能恶化，胶体稳定性下降。相比之下，聚合物降滤失剂NH4-HPAN和纤维素类降滤失剂PAC-LV在受到CO2污染后表现出增稠现象。NH4-HPAN在抗CO2污染能力方面表现突出，其降滤失性能、胶体稳定性以及粒径分布均保持良好的稳定性。Abstract: In developing deep acidic gas reservoirs, CO2 invasion and contamination cause the properties of high density drilling fluids, especially their ability to control filtration rate, to remarkably deteriorate at elevated temperatures. A new method has been developed to evaluate the contamination of a drilling fluid by CO2 in laboratory, and several typical high temperature filtration control agents were evaluated at 150℃ for their ability to resist CO2 contamination. Based on the macro and micro analyses of the performance of a “filtration control agent + bentonite slurry” system, the mechanisms with which CO2 causes the performance of a filtration control agent to deteriorate were systematically studied. The results of the study show that after being contaminated by CO2, the water solubility of the sulfonate type filtration control agents SAS and SMP-III was reduced, resulting in low viscosity, poor filtration property and reduced colloidal stability of the system. Acrylonitrile filtration control agent NH4-HPAN and cellulose filtration control agent PAC-LV, on the other hand, cause the system to viscosify after being contaminated by CO2. Compared with other filtration control agents, NH4-HPAN performs much better in resisting CO2 contamination, its properties in controlling filtration rate, stabilizing colloid and maintaining good particle size distribution of the system all remain stable.
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表 1 二氧化碳污染实验参数
实验配方 T/
℃P/
MPat/
hCO2污染方式 气体总量/
mL浆体总量/
mL基浆+处理剂 150 2 4 150 350 注：基础浆配方为4%膨润土+0.2%NaOH+0.2%VIS-B+2%降滤失剂。 
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表 2 CO2污染前后4种滤液中降滤失剂的含量
降滤失剂 实验
条件λ吸收峰/
nm吸光度 浓度/
g·L−1变化率/
%SAS 污染前 199 1.864 11.43 −71.30 污染后 1.987 3.28 SMP-III 污染前 285 0.914 21.97 −19.03 污染后 0.798 17.79 NH4-HPAN 污染前 240 0.900 21.84 +3.53 污染后 0.929 22.61 PAC-LV 污染前 191 1.491 18.75 +22.72 污染后 1.433 23.01
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表 3 含不同降滤失剂的膨润土浆受CO2污染前后的固液分离率
污染条件 固液分离率/% SAS SMP-III NH4-HPAN PAC-LV 污染前 2.31 34.62 3.85 65.38 污染后 42.31 76.92 4.62 61.53
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表 5 CO2污染前后基础膨润土浆体的粒径分布特征参数
降滤失剂 污染
条件D25/
μmD50/
μmD97/
μmD(4,3) /
μmSpan SAS 污染前 17.754 23.412 75.980 29.191 1.613 污染后 21.024 35.863 149.368 47.304 2.270 SMP-III 污染前 23.542 32.356 68.375 35.323 1.122 污染后 21.102 28.728 59.624 30.871 1.093 NH4-HPAN 污染前 11.269 16.170 34.853 17.083 1.241 污染后 10.886 16.302 40.238 17.863 1.365 PAC-LV 污染前 14.637 18.633 48.388 20.399 0.964 污染后 14.206 18.760 37.020 19.715 0.994
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