An Environmentally Friendly Ultra-High Temperature Low Solids Seawater-Based Drilling Fluid
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摘要: 钻井液高温失效是造成井下复杂事故的主要原因之一。渤海湾周围钻井深度接近6000 m，井底温度预计超过200℃。为防止井壁坍塌和钻井液失效，保护油气储层与海洋环境，优选了抗高温钻井液处理剂，探究了处理剂的抗温机理，构建了抗温200℃、密度为1.9 g/cm3环保型抗超高温海水基低固相钻井液体系，并在盖探1井进行了应用。研究结果和应用效果表明：该体系在200℃热滚16 h后滤失量仅为15 mL，具有较好的降滤失性、抑制性、润滑性、悬浮携带能力和储层保护能力，钻井过程顺利，井眼扩大率较小，且配方简单、环境友好，能够满足海洋环保要求。解决了渤海地区深部高温高压地层油气钻探的技术难题，为今后该区域深部油气的勘探开发提供了技术支撑，也为抗超高温低固相钻井液在其他深部地层和环境敏感地区的应用提供了样本。Abstract: The failure of a drilling fluid at high temperatures is one of the main causes of complex downhole accidents. The depths of wells around the Bohai Bay are close to 6,000 m, and the bottom hole temperatures are expected to exceed 200℃. To prevent wellbore collapse and the failure of the drilling fluids, protect the oil and gas reservoirs and the marine environment, high-temperature resistant drilling fluid additives were optimally selected, the high-temperature resistance mechanisms of the additives were explored, and as a result of these researches, an environmentally friendly ultra-high temperature low-solids seawater-based drilling fluid with a temperature resistance of 200℃ and a density of 1.9 g/cm3 was formulated and applied in the well Gaitan-1. The research results and field application effects show that after hot rolled at 200℃ for 16 hours, the filtration rate of this drilling fluid is only 15 mL. It has many advantages such as low filtration rate, high inhibitive capacity, good lubricity, good suspending and carrying capacity, as well as reservoir protection capability. The well was drilled successfully, the rate of wellbore enlargement was small, and the composition of the drilling fluid was simple and environmentally friendly, satisfying the requirements of marine environmental protection. This drilling fluid has helped solve the technical difficulties encountered in oil and gas drilling in deep high-temperature and high-pressure formations in the Bohai Sea area, providing technical support for the exploration and development of deep oil and gas in this area in the future, and also providing a sample for the application of ultra-high temperature low-solids drilling fluids in other deep formations and environmentally sensitive areas.
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表 1 不同抗温降滤失剂对钻井液流变性和滤失量的影响
降滤失剂 实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFL/
mLBDF-300S 热滚前 29.1 23.0 6.2 12.0 200℃、16 h 9.2 8.6 0.5 96.0 Redu200 热滚前 12.4 10.5 1.9 25.7 200℃、16 h 8.8 8.4 0.4 166.0 DSP-1 热滚前 17.6 15.7 1.9 24.5 200℃、16 h 10.3 9.8 0.6 165.0 CPJ 热滚前 11.1 10.2 0.9 11.0 200℃、16 h 7.0 7.0 0.0 34.0 DRCJ-230（I） 热滚前 102.7 70.4 33.0 27.5 200℃、16 h 27.2 25.5 1.7 29.5 注：BDF-300S、CPJ、DRCJ-230（I）为合成高分子类降滤失剂。 
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表 2 不同提切剂对钻井液流变性的影响
提切剂 实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaKvis 热滚前 3.2 2.0 1.2 200℃、16 h 2.3 1.3 1.0 Visco1 热滚前 3.5 2.2 1.3 200℃、16 h 3.1 2.1 1.0 LXT 热滚前 6.4 5.0 1.4 200℃、16 h 6.3 5.0 1.3 注：Kvis、LXT为合成高分子类提切剂。
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表 3 高温老化前后钻井液体系的基本性能
实验条件 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFL/
mLFLHTHP/
mL热滚前 66.0 57.0 9.2 3.0 200℃、16 h 48.0 40.0 8.2 3.5 14.5
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表 4 不同密度钻井液体系的性能
项目 实验
条件ρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLHTHP/
mL1# 热滚前 1.7 74.3 64.0 10.5 200℃、16 h 67.2 54.0 13.5 10.0 2# 热滚前 1.8 78.2 66.0 12.5 200℃、16 h 66.7 51.0 16.0 12.0 3# 热滚前 1.9 87.2 75.0 12.5 200℃、16 h 62.3 52.0 10.5 15.0
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表 5 现场环保型抗超高温低固相钻井液的性能
井深/
mρ/
g·cm−3YP/
Pa含砂量/
%pH FL/
mLFLHTHP/
mL5650 1.88 13.0 0.2 8 1.8 11.0 5735 1.90 13.2 0.1 9 1.5 11.0
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