Study on Factors Affecting Properties of Flushing Fluids for Removing Mud Cakes to Improve Well Cementing Quality
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摘要: 在钻井过程中未被清除的井壁滤饼严重影响第二界面的胶结质量，导致固井质量变差。当前提高固井质量的研究多以替净钻井液为目的，未考虑井壁滤饼的影响。为了提高固井质量，考虑冲洗液对钻井液的调节作用，建立了三维偏心环空中隔离液、钻井液和滤饼的3种赫巴流体流动模型，系统研究了受冲洗液调节后的钻井液密度、稠度系数、流性指数以及动切力变化对钻井液和滤饼冲洗效率的影响。结果表明，减小冲洗液的密度和流变参数，能够提高钻井液的冲洗效率，但是会使滤饼的冲洗效率降低。冲洗液的密度和流变参数不是越小越好，在保证钻井液高冲洗效率的情况下，适当增大冲洗液的密度和流变参数，使钻井液保留较高的黏度和切力，有利于促进井壁滤饼去除。优先调控冲洗液的流性指数，使钻井液的的流性指数达到理想值，会显著提高固井质量。研究结果可为优化冲洗液性能参数，为提高固井质量提供理论指导。Abstract: Filter cakes generated during drilling on the surfaces of the borehole walls seriously affect the bonding quality of the interface between the cement sheath and the borehole walls if the filter cakes are not removed, resulting in poor cementing quality. Most of the current researches on improving cementing quality aims to displace the drilling fluid completely and does not consider the influence of the filter cakes. To improve the cementing quality, three Herschel-Bulkley fluid flow models for spacer fluid, drilling fluid, and filter cake in a three-dimensional eccentric annulus were established, taking into account the regulating effect of the flushing fluid on the drilling fluid. The effects of the changes in the density, consistency coefficient, flow behavior index and yield point of the drilling fluid affected by the flushing fluid on the flushing efficiency of the drilling fluid and filter cakes were systematically studied. The results show that reducing the density and rheological parameters of the flushing fluid can improve the flushing efficiency of the drilling fluid, but it will reduce the flushing efficiency of the filter cake. The density and rheological parameters of the flushing fluid are not the smaller the better. Under the condition of ensuring a high flushing efficiency of the drilling fluid, appropriately increasing the density and rheological parameters of the flushing fluid to maintain relatively high mud viscosity and gel strengths is beneficial to promoting the removal of the filter cakes. Prioritizing the regulation of the flow behavior index of the flushing fluid to make the flow behavior index of the drilling fluid reach an ideal value will significantly improve the cementing quality. The research results will provide theoretical guidance for optimizing the performance parameters of flushing fluids and for improving cementing quality.
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表 1 井筒流体性能工程参数表
流体类型 ${\tau _0}$/Pa $ n $ $ K $/$ \mathrm{P}\mathrm{a}\cdot {\mathrm{s}}^{n} $ $ \rho\mathrm{_d} $/（g·cm−3） $ {L}_{\mathrm{C}} $/mm 钻井液 6.53 0.45 1.59 1.35 隔离液 4.20 0.72 0.60 1.42 滤饼 23.50 0.45 1.59 2.17 3 
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