High Density and High Performance Drilling Fluid System Research and Application at Pakistan North Region ADHI Block
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摘要: 巴基斯坦北部ADHI区块中上部早中新世Murree地层为长段红色泥岩，位于Φ311.15 mm井眼段，长度约1600 m，为区块钻井作业的重难点，极具挑战性。该红色泥岩段具有强分散，高造浆的特点，经常出现钻井液流变性能失控；易膨胀缩径，泥包钻具，返出大团泥球，堵塞喇叭口；地层压力系数高，实钻钻井液密度高达1.80～2.00 g/cm3，常发生压差卡钻、断钻具等事故；地层出水，高压低渗，出水量1～3 m3/h；高密度进一步增加了钻井液流变性及劣质固相含量调控难度。为解决上述AHDI区块钻井难题，同时在海外开放的油气服务市场展示川庆钻探复杂油气攻坚者的形象并树立“CCDC Drilling Fluid”的品牌，通过开展Murree地层泥岩矿物组分及水化特性分析研究为根本，构建以“高效泥岩抑制剂、防泥包提速剂、纳微米封堵剂、高密度条件下大分子包被抑制剂配制使用工艺技术”，研发出一套适合巴基斯坦北部ADHI区块的密度2.20 g/cm3，动切力小于20 Pa，抗温100℃，抗5%泥岩污染的高密度高性能水基钻井液体系，已经成功在巴基斯坦北部区块应用4口井。Abstract: The mid-upper Early Miocene Murree formation in the ADHI block, northern Pakistan, is a long red mudstone located in the Φ311.15 mm interval with a length of 1400-1600 m, which is a major difficulty and extremely challenging drilling operation in the block. The red mudstone section has the characteristics of strong dispersion and high slurry production, and the rheological property of drilling fluid is often out of control. Easy to expand and shrink, bit balling, return a large ball of cuttings, blocking the horn; The formation pressure coefficient is high, the density is as high as 1.80-2.00 g/cm3, and the accidents such as differential pressure sticking and broken drilling tools often occur. Formation water, high pressure and low permeability, 1-3 m3/h; The high density further increases the difficulty of controlling rheology and poor solid content of drilling fluid. In order to solve the above Drilling problems in the AHDI block, show Chuanqing's image as a pioneer in complex oil and gas drilling in the open oil and gas service market overseas, and establish the brand of "CCDC Drilling Fluid", the author conducted analysis and research on the mineral components and hydration characteristics of mudstone in the Murree formation. A high-density high-performance water-based drilling fluid system with a density of 2.20 g/cm3, yield point less than 20 Pa, temperature resistance of 100℃ and resistance to 5% mudstone pollution suitable for ADHI block in northern Pakistan was developed based on "efficient mudstone inhibitor, clay accretion inhibitor and ROP Enhancer, nano-microne plugging agent and application technology of macromolecule encapsulation inhibitor under high density conditions". Successfully applied 4 Wells in Pakistan.
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表 1 Murree地层岩样滚动回收率
岩样 井深/m 介质 m滚前/g m滚后/g 滚动回收率/% 1# 1100～1200 清水 50 3.81 7.62 2# 1700～1800 清水 50 5.91 11.82 3# 2300～2400 清水 50 7.35 14.70 
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表 2 不同封堵剂加量对膨润土浆性能实验结果
封堵剂/% φ600 φ300 φ200 φ100 φ6 φ3 0 10 6 4 3 1 1 0.5 16 11 8 6 2 2 1.0 18 11 8 5 1 1 2.0 38 28 18 14 7 6
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表 3 加量为0.6%不同包被剂实验评价
包被剂 生产厂家 滚后岩屑
重量/g滚动
回收率/%空白对照 6.47 12.94 包被剂1 川庆钻探
Encapin Plus49.20 88.40 包被剂2 斯伦贝谢Ultracap 43.80 87.60 包被剂3 哈里伯顿
EZ MUD34.99 69.98 包被剂4 中东厂家1 39.30 78.60 包被剂5 中东厂家2 34.65 69.30 注：老化条件为100℃、16 h；热滚前岩屑重量为50 g。
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表 4 1%大分子包被剂在不同pH环境下的黏度变化
pH值 φ600/φ300 φ6/φ3 AV/mPa·s YP/Pa 7 104/84 37/29 52 32 5 50/37 5/2 25 12 6 80/64 23/19 40 24 8 100/82 34/30 50 32 9 98/80 32/27 49 32
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表 5 大分子包被剂在pH=5环境下黏度变化
包被剂/% pH值 φ600/φ300 φ6/φ3 AV/mPa·s YP/Pa 1.0 5 50/37 5/2 25.0 12.0 1.5 5 62/47 7/4 31.0 16.0 2.0 5 80/64 10/6 40.0 24.0 2.5 5 86/69 14/11 43.0 26.0 3.0 5 99/79 18/16 49.5 29.5 3.5 5 112/87 27/24 66.0 31.0
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表 6 高密度高性能水基钻井液的流变性能
编号 ρ/
g·cm−3φ600/
φ300φ6/
φ3Gel/
Pa/PaAV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL1# 2.00 125/72 5/3 3/11 62.5 9.5 3.2 7.0 2.00 110/63 6/4 4/9 55.0 8.0 3.0 8.2 2# 2.10 134/79 6/5 5/18 67.0 12.0 2.8 6.6 2.10 119/68 8/6 7/20 59.5 17.0 3.4 7.4 3# 2.20 141/89 7/6 7/27 70.5 13.5 2.4 5.2 2.20 128/76 11/9 11/34 64.0 12.0 2.8 6.0 注：高温高压滤失量测试条件为120℃、3.5 MPa。
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表 7 Murree地层岩样在不同体系中的滚动回收率
岩样 井深/
mm岩样滚前/
g100℃、16 h岩样滚后质量/g 清水
中2%胺基
抑制剂2.00 g/cm3
高性能
水基钻井液1# 1100～1200 50 3.81 36.04 45.90 2# 1700～1800 50 5.91 38.36 47.20 3# 2300～2400 50 7.35 41.30 46.81
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表 8 高密度高性能水基钻井液体系抗钻屑污染评价
钻屑/
%ρ/
g·cm−3φ600/
φ300φ6/
φ3Gel/
Pa/ PaAV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFL/
mL0 2.00 110/63 6/4 4/9 55.0 8.0 3.0 1 2.01 112/64 6/4 4/9 56.0 8.0 3.0 3 2.03 114/67 7/5 5/10 57.0 10.0 3.2 5 2.05 117/69 8/7 7/12 58.5 10.5 3.4 注：采用ADHI S-6井Φ311.15 mm井眼1700～1800 m的红色泥岩钻屑。
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