Wellbore Stability Technology of Fractured Carbonate Formation Drilling Fluid in Shunbei Region
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摘要: 通过对顺北油气田碳酸盐岩地层的地质情况分析，明确了该地层井壁失稳的原因：一是地层井壁岩石易破碎且裂缝发育，极易发生裂缝二次发育、恶性漏失甚至井塌；二是井底温度高，钻井液处理剂易高温失效；三是现场聚磺钻井液的封堵能力不足，不能封堵地层裂隙、减少压力传递；四是现场钻井液的胶结能力不足，不能提高近井岩石的抗压强度。针对上述难点，以丙烯酰胺、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸钠、盐酸多巴胺等材料合成了一种抗高温胶结封堵剂AD-1。评价了胶结封堵剂AD-1的胶结性、封堵性以及对现场聚磺钻井液流变性能的影响，实验结果表明，180℃下，经过胶结的干态碳酸盐岩砂床单轴抗压强度为高达2.5～5.0 MPa，抗压强度提升了4倍以上；未胶结的湿态砂床抗压强度为0 MPa，经过胶结的湿态碳酸盐岩砂床单轴抗压强度提升至0.2～0.5 MPa；加入胶结封堵剂后，聚磺钻井液的封堵能力明显提高，钻井液能够封堵40～60、60～80目碳酸盐岩碎屑所堆砌的砂床，最大承压不小于6 MPa，30 min的累计漏失量在10 mL左右；胶结封堵剂AD-1添加量超过1.0%后黏度会剧烈增加，添加量需酌情控制。因此，以AD-1为核心的聚磺钻井液体系具有良好的抗温性、胶结性以及封堵性，可为顺北地区井壁稳定技术提供有力支撑。Abstract: Based on the geological analysis of the carbonate rock formation in Shunbei oil and gas field, the reasons for the formation's easy wellbore instability are clarified: first, the rock is easy to be broken and the fracture develops, which is easy to have secondary fracture development, malignant leakage and even well collapse; Second, the bottom hole temperature is high, and the drilling fluid treatment agent is easy to fail at high temperature; Third, the plugging capacity of the currently used polysulfonate drilling fluid is insufficient, which can’t effectively plug formation cracks and reduce pressure transfer; Fourth, the cementation ability of the current drilling fluid is insufficient, which can’t effectively improve the compressive strength of the near-wellbore rock. To solve the above difficulties, a high temperature resistant cementing sealer AD-1 was synthesized from acrylamide, dimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride, 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate sodium and dopamine hydrochloride. The cementation and plugging properties of the cementing agent were evaluated. The experimental results show that the axial compressive strength of the cemented dry carbonate sand beds is up to 2.5-5.0 MPa at 180℃, and the compressive strength is increased by more than 4 times. The compressive strength of the unconsolidated wet sand beds is 0 MPa, and the compressive strength of the consolidated wet carbonate sand beds is increased to 0.2-0.5 MPa. After adding the cementing sealer, the plugging ability of the polysulfonate drilling fluid was significantly improved, and the drilling fluid could effectively plug the sand beds composed of 40-60 and 60-80 mesh carbonate debris, with the maximum pressure ≥6 MPa, and the cumulative loss in 30 minutes was about 10 mL. In addition, the viscosity of the drilling fluid will increase dramatically when the additive amount exceeds 1.0%, and the additive amount should be controlled as appropriate. Therefore, the polysulfonate drilling fluid system with AD-1 as the core has good temperature resistance, cementation and plugging properties, which can provide strong technical support for borehole stability technology in Shunbei region.
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表 1 全岩矿物X-射线衍射定量分析
编号 掉块 矿物含量/% 石英 斜长石 方解石 白云石 黏土矿物 1# 鳞片状 2.9 0 94.5 2.6 0 2# 不规则块状 2.1 0.5 92.9 4.5 0 3# 直径≥2 mm 2.6 0 93.5 3.9 0 4# 造斜处 3.2 0 93.3 3.5 0 5# 返稠浆时 3.7 0 94.0 2.3 0 6# 返稠浆、纤维时 4.2 0 91.7 4.1 0 
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表 2 聚磺钻井液的流变及滤失造壁性能
钻井液 AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s） Gel/（Pa/Pa） FLAPI/mL FLHTHP/mL 现场聚磺钻井液（未老化） 60 45 15.30 0.3400 8/14 ＜1 8.4 现场聚磺钻井液（180℃、16 h） 47 36 11.22 0.3117 4/10 ＜1 16.0 现场聚磺钻井液+0.5%AD-1 75 55 20.40 0.3709 8/16 ＜1 13.0 现场聚磺钻井液+1.0%AD-1 83 58 25.50 0.4397 17/32 ＜1 11.2
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表 3 封堵实验结果及外观
钻井液 30 min累计漏失量/mL 砂床状态 20～40目 40～60目 60～80目 现场聚磺钻井液
（未老化）大量漏失 13.0 5.0 松散
（破碎）现场聚磺钻井液
（180℃、16 h）大量漏失 20.0 14.0 松散
（破碎）现场聚磺
钻井液+0.5%AD-1大量漏失 10.5 6.2 坚实
（完整）现场聚磺
钻井液+1.0%AD-1大量漏失 5.2 3.2 坚实
（完整）
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