基于DDMP-GWO融合的气侵早期监测方法

王建龙; 于志强; 郭云鹏; 邓兵; 杨洋洋; 杨建永; 郑锋

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.06.007

基于DDMP-GWO融合的气侵早期监测方法

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.06.007

1.
中石油渤海钻探工程技术研究院, 天津 300450
2.
中石油渤海钻探工程有限公司, 天津 300450
3.
中石油渤海钻探第一钻井工程分公司, 天津 300280
4.
中国石油集团油田技术服务有限公司，北京 100007

基金项目: 中国石油集团公司科技项目“钻井安全控制软件” （2024ZZ46-05）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王建龙，高级工程师，现在主要从事钻井复杂工况智能识别和井筒压力智能控制工作。电话 18722311458；E-mail：383462010@qq.com。

中图分类号: TE 254.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-05-23
- 修回日期: 2024-07-09
- 刊出日期: 2024-11-30

A Method of Early Gas Kick Monitoring Based on DDMP-GWO Fusion Algorithm

1.
Bohai Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute, CNPC, Tianjin 300450
2.
Bohai Drilling Engineering Company Limited, CNPC, Tianjin 300450
3.
Bohai NO.1 Drilling Engineering Company, CNPC, Tianjin 300280
4.
China Petroleum Technical Service Corporation,CNPC,Beijing 100007

摘要

摘要: 气侵早期监测对于保障钻井安全至关重要，一旦监测不及时，可能造成井喷、人员伤亡等重大钻井事故。针对目前传统泥浆池增量法预警滞后性强，井下随钻监测法时效性高，但功能单一的现状，提出了一种能够同时实现气侵早期定性识别和定量解释的新方法。分析了气侵时环空流体流速变化规律，构建了气侵风险指数(Gas kick risk index, KRI)，并推导了KRI与气体体积分数间的映射关系；进一步基于井下双测点压差(Difference between downhole dual measurement points pressure, DDMP)，结合灰狼优化算法(Grey wolf optimization, GWO)，构建了环空流体流速实时计算方法；利用气侵模拟场景，分析了气侵早期监测方法的稳定性和有效性。研究结果表明，气侵时环空流体流速整体呈增加趋势，可作为检测气侵的关键特征参数，环空气体体积分数与KRI呈线性关系。环空流体流速计算误差随着两测点距离的逐步增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势，受压力和温度测量误差的影响较小。该方法气侵预警滞后时间为13.8 min，环空气体体积分数反演误差小于10%，不仅能够较早检测到气侵，还能够为井控工艺设计提供环空含气率关键参数，而此时泥浆池增量仅为0.017 m³，泥浆池液位无明显变化。
- 气侵早期监测 /
- 井下双测点压差 /
- 灰狼优化算法 /
- 环空流体流速 /
- 气侵模拟
Abstract: Measurement of mud gains in mud pits is a conventional method of detecting downhole gas kick and is still in use in present. Using this method, the detection of a gas kick sometimes remarkably lags the occurrence of the gas kick. Another gas kick detecting method is the monitoring-while-drilling method with which gas kick can be timely detected, but the functions of this method are very limited. In this study a new method with which a gas kick can be qualitatively detected in an early time and quantitatively explained is presented, the changes of the flowrates of the fluids in the annular space while a gas kick is encountered are analyzed, a gas kick risk index (KRI) is designed, and the mapping relationship between the KRI and the volume fraction of the kicked gas is derived. Based on the difference between downhole dual measurement points pressure (DDMP), using the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm, a real-time method for calculating the flow velocities of the fluids in the annular space is constructed. Using a simulated gas kick scenario, the stability and effectiveness of the method for early detection of gas kick are analyzed. The study shows that when a gas kick occurs, the flowrates of the fluids in the annular space are increasing, and this can be used as a key characteristic parameter for gas kick detection. The volume fraction of the gas in the annular space has a linear relationship with KRI. Errors made in calculating the flowrate of the fluids in the annular space first decrease and then increase as the distance between the two measurement points increases, and are less affected by the errors made in pressure and temperature measurement. Using this new method, the lag time for detecting a gas kick is 13.8 min, and the inversion error of the gas volume fraction in the annular space is less than 10%. This method is not only able to detect gas kick earlier, it also provides key parameters for well control design such as the gas fraction of the fluids in the annular space at a mud gain in the mud pits of only 0.017 m³, a volume that does not cause the fluid levels in the mud pits to change significantly.
- Early gas kick monitoring /
- Downhole dual measurement points /
- Grey wolf optimization algorithm /
- Annulus flow rate /
- Gas kick simulation

HTML全文

图 1 双测点测量系统实物图

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图 2 GWO求解Q，$ {C}_{{\mathrm{f}}} $和$ {C}_{\rho } $流

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图 3 实验测量压力与模型模拟压力对比

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图 4 模拟压力误差分析

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图 5 测点A处环空压力及气体体积分数模拟结果

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图 6 气侵早期检测结果

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图 7 环空气体体积分数反演值与真实值对比情况

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图 8 环空气体体积分数反演结果误差分析

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图 9 不同距离下环空流体流速反演误差

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表 1 双测点工程参数测量精度指标

	P_环空/ MPa	P_管内/ MPa	T_环空/ ℃	T_管内/ ℃	环空流体介电	管内流体介电	钻压/ KN	扭矩/ KN·m	三轴振动/ g	转速/ r·min⁻¹
测点A	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√	√
测点 B	√	√	√	√	√	√
测量精度	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	0.1%	1%	1%	5%	5%	0.1%	1%
测量范围	100	100	0$ ～ $150	0$ ～ $150	0$ ～ $100	0$ ～ $100	−200$ ～ $300	−10$ ～ $40	70	180

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表 2 每组试验中压力和温度测量误差分布情况

ID	压力测量误差/MPa	温度测量误差/℃	噪音分布
Group 1	$ \pm 0.01 $	$ \pm 0.15 $	均匀分布
Group 2	$ \pm 0.1 $	$ \pm 0.75 $	均匀分布
Group 3	$ \pm 0.2 $	$ \pm 1.50 $	均匀分布
Group 4	$ \pm 0.3 $	$ \pm 2.00 $	均匀分布
Group 5	$ \pm 0.35 $	$ \pm 2.00 $	均匀分布

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表 3 不同压力和温度测量误差下环空流体流速反演精度

ID	MRE/%	RMSE/（L·s⁻¹）	MAE/（L·s⁻¹）
Group 1	0.5213	0.1525	0.1386
Group 2	1.3995	0.4567	0.3716
Group 3	1.4125	0.4658	0.3826
Group 4	1.4586	0.4766	0.3872
Group 5	1.4905	0.4871	0.3955

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