Key Suspension Materials and Ultra-High Temperature Long-term Stable Oil-Based Drilling and Completion Fluids
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摘要: 针对超高温且长时间下油基钻完井液空间网架结构强度不足导致的携带和悬浮固相能力差的难题，研发了双亲性多嵌段聚合物提切剂HT-TQ和油溶性小分子凝胶剂HT-CB两种抗超高温悬浮稳定关键材料，其中HT-TQ可提高基础乳液的动切力和低剪切速率黏度，HT-CB可提高静切力；优选了海泡石纤维作为悬浮增效剂，与HT-TQ、HT-CB相互协同，可进一步改善乳液超高温热滚后的流变性，提升空间网架结构强度。以上述3种悬浮稳定材料为核心，优选配套处理剂，构建了一套超高温长效稳定油基钻井液，抗温达240 ℃、连续超高温热滚5 d后黏度保持率大于78%，动切力大于5 Pa、低剪切速率切力大于3 Pa，且高温高压流变性良好；以此为基础，使用复配重晶石作为加重材料，构建了一套超高温长效稳定油基完井液，抗温达240 ℃、超高温静置10 d后不分层且无硬性沉降，沉实度小于1.2 N。研究成果可为深层、超深层油气高效钻完井流体提供技术支撑。Abstract: To address the challenge of inadequate structural strength in the spatial framework of oil-based drilling and completion fluids under ultra-high temperatures and extended durations, which leads to poor solid phase carrying and suspension capabilities, two key materials were developed: an amphiphilic multiblock polymer viscosifier (HT-TQ) and an oil-soluble small molecule gelling agent (HT-CB). HT-TQ effectively enhances the yield point and low shear rate viscosity of the base emulsion, while HT-CB significantly improves the static yield point. Sepiolite fibers were selected as suspension enhancers, which, in synergy with HT-TQ and HT-CB, further improve the rheological properties of the emulsion after ultra-high temperature rolling and strengthen the spatial framework structure. Using these three suspension stabilizing materials as the core, optimal additives were selected to construct a highly stable oil-based drilling fluid system suitable for ultra-high temperatures. This system withstands temperatures up to 240 ℃, maintains a viscosity retention rate greater than 78% after five days of continuous ultra-high temperature rolling, with a yield point greater than 5 Pa and LSYP greater than 3 Pa, and exhibits excellent rheological properties under high temperature and high pressure. Additionally, by using compounded barite as a weighting material, a stable oil-based completion fluid system was developed, which withstands temperatures up to 240 ℃ and remains homogeneous without hard settling after ten days of static exposure to ultra-high temperatures, with a settlement degree less than 1.2 N. These research findings provide technical support for efficient drilling and completion fluids in deep and ultra-deep oil and gas reservoirs.
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表 1 HT-TQ与国外同类产品在含有机土基础乳液中的性能
处理剂 条件 PV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaLSYP/
Pa0 老化前 13 4.6 5/4 2.5/3.5 1.5 240 ℃、16 h 12.5 1.5 2/1 0.5/1 0.0 1%R-MOD 老化前 14 6.6 7/6 4/5.5 2.5 240 ℃、16 h 12 3.1 5/3 2/3 0.5 1%T-POLY 老化前 16 7.2 8/6 3.5/5 2.0 240 ℃、16 h 11 2.0 3/2 1.5/2 0.5 1%HT-TQ 老化前 22 8.7 12/11 6.5/8.5 5.1 240 ℃、16 h 15 8.2 10/9 6/8 4.1 
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表 2 不同HT-CB加量下含土乳液的流变性能
HT-CB/
%老化
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/Pa0 老化前 20.5 15.0 5.6 6/5 2.0/3.0 240 ℃、16 h 13.0 11.0 2.0 3/2 1.5/2.0 1 老化前 26.0 19.0 7.2 9/8 7.5/9.0 240 ℃、16 h 20.0 14.0 6.1 8/6 5.5/8.0 2 老化前 30.0 22.0 8.2 11/9 9.0/13.5 240 ℃、16 h 28.0 21.5 6.6 9/7 7.5/12.0 3 老化前 38.0 29.5 8.7 14/10 11.0/21.0 240 ℃、16 h 35.0 27.5 7.7 10/8 9.5/18.5
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表 3 HT-TQ、HT-CB和海泡石组合对乳液流变性能的影响
处理剂 条件 PV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaLSYP/
Pa1%HT-TQ+
1%HT-CB老化前 25.0 10.2 13/11 9.5/12.0 4.6 240 ℃、
16 h24.0 9.2 11/10 8.5/10.5 4.6 1%HT-TQ+
1%HT-CB+
3%
海泡石纤维老化前 26.0 11.2 13/12 10.0/14.0 5.6 240 ℃、
16 h24.5 9.7 13/11 9.5/12.0 4.6
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表 4 超高温油基钻井液的抗高温性能
实验条件 PV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaFLHTHP
（180 ℃）/mLES/
V老化前 55.0 15.8 18/16 9.5/15.0 1548 220 ℃、16 h 55.0 13.3 15/14 8.5/13.5 3.8 1298 240 ℃、16 h 53.0 12.3 15/12 8.0/12.5 4.1 1225 250 ℃、16 h 43.5 4.6 6/5 3.5/6.0 12.8 1015
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表 5 超高温油基钻井液高温长效稳定性能
t热滚/
dPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaLSYP/
PaFLHTHP/
（180 ℃）/mLES/
V0 54 16.9 18/16 10.5/16.0 7.2 1689 1 55 15.8 15/13 9.0/12.5 5.6 5.5 1659 2 55 12.3 12/11 8.5/12.5 5.1 7.5 1596 3 59 9.7 11/9 6.5/10.5 3.6 8.2 1274 5 50 5.1 7/6 4.5/7.5 3.6 9.6 1289 注：热滚温度为240 ℃。
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表 6 超高温油基完井液高温长效稳定性能
t静置/
dAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6/φ3 Gel/
Pa/PaES/
V0 82 63 19.4 22/19 12.5/2.0 1989 1 84 64 20.4 22/20 13.0/22.0 1759 3 91 68 23.5 24/21 14.0/23.0 1796 5 75 63 12.3 18/16 12.0/16.5 1564 7 77 65 12.3 17/15 12.0/16.0 1594 10 70 63 7.2 17/12 10.0/16.0 1489 注：高温静置温度为240 ℃。
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