Development and Evaluation of a Temperature-Sensitive Deformable Fibrous Capsule Lost Circulation Material
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摘要: 针对现有玻璃纤维、聚丙烯纤维、剑麻纤维、陶瓷纤维等纤维材料的尺寸过大及加量过大导致水泥浆混拌过程中混配困难和浆体增稠的难题，研发了具有形状记忆功能的温敏形变纤维胶囊。当温度低于形变响应温度时，纤维胶囊的粒径较小，在漏失通道内形成高密度颗粒填充；当温度达到形变响应温度后，纤维胶囊激活发生膨胀变形，高密度颗粒之间相互挤压充填，在漏失通道内高强度架桥堆积，进而封堵漏失层。该纤维胶囊可将6 mm的纤维封装在3 mm的胶囊中，从而提高纤维材料在堵漏水泥中的有效含量及尺寸，改善水泥浆封堵能力，降低工作过程中的漏失风险，保证固井质量。加入温敏形变纤维胶囊堵漏剂的水泥浆流动度均值为22 cm，初始稠度为25 Bc，与纯水泥浆相似，相比于直接添加纤维材料，水泥浆体流态明显改善，可泵性大幅度增强，同时水泥石抗压强度也大幅提高，堵漏剂加量为5%时水泥石7 d的抗压强度可达50 MPa，解决了纤维水泥浆混配困难和浆体增稠的难题，对保证固井质量具有一定的实际意义。Abstract: A temperature-sensitive deformable fibrous capsule with shape memory has been developed to address the difficulties in mixing cement slurries and the slurry thickening problem caused by the oversize and excessive dosage of the fibrous materials presently in use, such as glass fiber, polypropylene fiber, sisal fiber and ceramic fiber etc. When the ambient temperature is lower than the deformation-response temperature, the particle sizes of the fibrous capsules are relatively small, therefore it is easy for the capsule particles to form high density particle packing in passages through which cement slurries are lost. When the ambient temperature reaches the deformation-response temperature, the fibrous capsules are activated and begin to expand, causing the particles packed in high densities to squeeze each other and to form high strength bridging inside the passages. The losses of the cement slurries are thus effectively brought under control. The process with which the fibrous capsules are produced can encapsulate 6 mm fibers into a 3 mm capsule, thereby increasing the effective concentrations and sizes of the fibers in loss-control cement slurries, improving the plugging performance of the cement slurries, minimizing the risks of fluid losses and ensuring the job quality of well cementing. The average fluidity of a cement slurry treated with the temperature-sensitive deformable fibrous capsules is 22 cm, and the initial consistency of the cement slurry is 25 Bc, comparable to the consistency of the pure cement slurry. Compared with cement slurries directly treated with fibrous materials, the cement slurry treated with the temperature-sensitive deformable fibrous capsules has rheology and pumpability that are significantly improved and the compressive strength of the set cement is greatly increased. The 7 d compressive strength of a set cement containing 5% temperature-sensitive deformable fibrous capsules reaches 50 MPa. The development and application of the temperature-sensitive deformable fibrous capsules help solve the difficulties encountered in cement slurry mixing and the slurry thickening problem, and are of significance to the success of high-quality well cementing operation.
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Key words:
- Shape memory material /
- Oil well cement /
- Lost circulation material
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表 1 不同纤维加量下水泥浆的封堵实验评价结果
纤维 下灰时间及冷浆状态 60 ℃养护后浆体状态 承压能力 0.5%聚丙烯纤维（6 mm） 下灰19 s，浆体内有少量软团簇状物质 初稠35 Bc，60 ℃养护
后有三指宽较大包心浆体搅匀后测承压
能力，可达5 MPa
不漏失(逐步升压法)0.5%玻璃纤维（6 mm） 下灰15 s，浆极稀且均匀，看不到纤维 无包心 加压至0.2 MPa
全漏失、气窜1.5%玻璃纤维（6 mm） 低速搅拌基本不下灰，高速搅拌时发出强烈声响，持续数秒后突然浆体变稀，纤维全部消失不见，融入浆体中 无包心 加压至0.2 MPa
全漏失、气窜0.5%碳纤维（6 mm） 低速搅拌基本不下灰，高速搅拌后
浆体变稀，浆内看不到纤维无包心 加压至0.2 MPa
全漏失、气窜1%碳纤维（6 mm） 低速搅拌基本不下灰，高速搅拌后
浆体变稀，浆内看不到纤维无包心 加压至0.2 MPa
全漏失、气窜0.5%聚丙烯网络纤维
（19 mm剪成三段，每段约6 mm）下灰13 s，浆体内有少量
软团簇状物质中等包心，上提
一瞬间滑落加压至0.3 MPa
全漏失、气窜0.5%聚酯纤维（6 mm） 下灰13 s，浆体正常 三指宽中等包心 加压至0.3 MPa
全漏失、气窜1%玄武岩纤维（6 mm） 下灰12 s，浆体正常 无包心 加压至0.2 MPa
全漏失、气窜不加纤维 下灰10 s，浆体正常 初稠10 Bc，无包心 加压至0.2 MPa
全漏失，气窜
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表 2 含不同加量聚丙烯纤维的水泥浆的封堵性能评价结果
聚丙烯纤维/
%DRS-1S/
%下灰时间及冷浆状态 60 ℃养护后浆体状态 承压能力 2 0 下不去灰，冷浆极稠 无法进行实验 无法进行实验 1 0.3 下灰26 s，持续高速搅拌后
浆体内有团簇状纤维-水泥复合物冷浆极稠，无法进行实验 无法进行实验 1 0.7 下灰23 s，持续高速搅拌后
浆体内有团簇状物质巨大包心，无法使用 无法进行实验 0.5 0 下灰19 s，浆体内
有少量软团簇状物质常压稠化仪初稠35 Bc，
60 ℃养护后有三指宽较大包心浆体搅匀后测承压能力，可达
5 MPa不漏失（逐步升压法）0.3 0 下灰13 s，浆体基本正常 初稠20 Bc，60 ℃养护后
有三指宽较大包心浆体搅匀后测承压能力，可达
5 MPa不漏失（逐步升压法）0.3 0 下灰13 s，浆体基本正常 初稠20 Bc，60 ℃养护后
有三指宽较大包心直接快速加压，加至0.5 MPa正常，
加至1 MPa时突然全漏失，气窜0* 0 下灰10 s，浆体正常 初稠10 Bc，60 ℃
养护后无包心加压至0.2 MPa全漏失，气窜 注：水泥浆配方为：1200 g嘉华G级油井水泥+3.5%降失水剂DRF-6L+聚丙烯纤维+分散剂DRS-1S+40.5%水；*实验为对照实验。
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