Lost Circulation Materials for Controlling Mud Losses while Drilling with RSS
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摘要: 旋转导向仪器常被部分随钻堵漏剂堵塞筛网，造成井下仪器信号传递中断、井眼轨迹偏移、钻井液循环受阻等问题，且常用随钻堵漏材料易引起钻井液黏度大幅上涨，造成内耗大、滤饼厚等系列问题。因此要求随钻堵漏剂兼顾“可通过旋导”与“强封堵”性能且对钻井液黏度影响较小。以抗温植物纤维为原料，通过粉碎、筛析及疏水改性等步骤研发了一种随钻堵漏纤维（纤维1-1），依据行业标准评价其基本性能，并建立了一种随钻堵漏剂过旋导性能的评价方法。结果表明：纤维1-1基本性能均达到行业标准，其中，表观黏度增长率为10%，封闭滤失量为26 mL；加入纤维后钻井液循环30 min，压力增幅E<5%，具有良好的过旋导能力；在150 ℃、6 MPa实验条件下，加入3%纤维1-1的水基和油基钻井液体系能够封堵20～40目砂床，累计漏失量分别为4 mL和8 mL。最后，利用Zeta电位测试、微观形貌观察分析了纤维过旋导和堵漏机理。Abstract: In drilling operation the rotary steering system (RSS) is easy to be blocked by the lost circulation materials (LCMs), causing problems such as interruption of downhole instrument signal transmission, deviation of wellbore trajectory as well as blocking of mud circulation. Moreover, addition of conventional LCMs into a mud is easy to cause the mud viscosity to increase remarkably, which in turn results in problems such as high pressure loss along the flow line and thick mud cakes etc. It is thus required that the LCMs shall have the properties of “being able to pass through the RSS”, “high plugging capacity” and “low impact on mud viscosity”. To achieve this object, a lost circulation control fiber named Fiber-1-1 has been developed with a thermally stable plant fiber, a raw material which is shredded, screeded and hydrophobically modified to produce the final product. The performance of the Fiber-1-1 was evaluated in accordance with the relevant industrial standard, and a method of evaluating its ability to pass through the RSS during drilling was established. The evaluation results show that the performance of the Fiber-1-1 has reached the requirements of the industrial standard; it causes the apparent viscosity of a drilling fluid to increase by 10%, a lost circulation slurry containing Fiber-1-1 has filtration rate of 26 mL; after circulating for 30 min, a drilling fluid treated with the Fiber-1-1 causes pump pressure to increase by less than 5%, indicating that the Fiber-1-1 can smoothly pass through RSS. An oil-based drilling fluid and a water-based drilling fluid, each of which is treated with 3% Fiber-1-1, can plug the sand beds of 20-40 meshes under experiment conditions of 150 ℃ and 5 MPa, with accumulated mud losses of 4 mL and 8 mL, respectively. And in the final part of the paper, how the Fiber-1-1 passes through RSS and how it cures mud losses are analyzed with Zeta-potential measurement and through micromorphology observation.
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表 1 纤维改性前后的基本性能
项目 筛余量/%
（0.28 mm）水分/
%灼烧残渣/
%AV增长率/
%FL封闭/
mL行业标准 ≤10.0 ≤8.0 ≤7.0 ≤20.0 ≤30 纤维1 0 2 4.7 20.7 31 纤维1-1 0 4.5 4 10 26 
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表 2 随钻堵漏纤维在基浆和凝胶中的堵漏评价所用配方
配方 具体配方 累计漏失量/mL 1#（空白） 基浆 全失 2# 基浆+4%纤维1 76.0 3# 基浆+4%纤维1-1 59.0 4# 基浆+4%SMP-LCM
（20～30目凝胶颗粒）71.0 5# 基浆+2%1-1+2%SMP-LCM
（20～30目凝胶颗粒）53.4 6#（空白） 4%聚丙烯酰胺溶液 全失 7# 4%聚丙烯酰胺溶液+4%纤维1-1 68.4 注：实验温度150 ℃、40～60目砂床，承压6 MPa。
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表 3 不同加量纤维1-1在水基钻井液中的性能
纤维1-1/
%条件 PV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sGel/
Pa/Pa累计漏
失量/mL0 老化前 48 14.5 0.30 1.5/6.5 老化后 46 14.5 0.32 1.5/2.0 22.0 1 老化前 65 17.5 0.27 2.0/7.5 老化后 61 19.0 0.31 1.5/4.0 12.2 2 老化前 73 21.0 0.29 1.0/8.5 老化后 63 17.0 0.27 2.0/4.0 6.0 3 老化前 78 17.0 0.22 2.5/6.0 老化后 68 17.0 0.25 2.0/4.0 4.0 注：老化条件为150 ℃、16 h，20～40目砂床，承压为6 MPa。
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表 4 不同加量纤维1-1在油基钻井液中的性能（150 ℃）
纤维
1-1/%条件 ES/
VPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sGel/
Pa/Pa累计漏
失量/mL0 老化前 632 29 3.5 0.12 3.0/5.0 老化后 763 34 5.5 0.16 2.5/12.5 38.0 1 老化前 624 32 7.0 0.22 3.0/5.0 老化后 516 33 5.0 0.15 3.5/6.0 15.0 2 老化前 669 41 9.5 0.23 4.0/6.5 老化后 571 35 5.5 0.16 3.5/5.0 10.0 3 老化前 510 48 7.5 0.16 3.5/5.0 老化后 617 42 6.0 0.14 2.5/4.5 8.0
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