A Temporary Plugging Drill-in Fluid with Highly Soluble Multilevel Bridging Particles for Carbonate Reservoir
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摘要: 以顺北二区碳酸盐岩储层为研究对象，通过岩心裂缝稳定性校正评价了储层敏感性，开展了现用钻井液伤害评价，明确了储层损害主控因素为应力敏感伤害和固相伤害，2种伤害因素累计占比达78.07%。采取“钻井可暂堵、完井可解堵”理念和保护微裂缝为主的储层保护思路，根据裂缝架桥封堵理论，研选了高酸溶固相封堵材料耦合可降解纤维关键材料。通过抗温、抗盐抗钙、沉降稳定性、配伍性及储层保护性能评价，形成了耐高温180 ℃多级架桥储层保护钻井完井液体系，其承压超过10 MPa，酸化后渗透率恢复率均值可达96.86%，相对常规不含酸溶暂堵材料体系提高了16.23%，具有强封堵、高返排的特点，有望减轻顺北二区碳酸盐岩储层的损害。Abstract: The sensitivity of the carbonate reservoir in the second block of the Shunbei oilfield is evaluated through rock fracture stability correction method. In the evaluation drilling fluid samples taken from operational field were used and the results of the evaluation show that the main factors causing reservoir damage are stress sensitivity and solids invasion; the damage to the reservoir caused by these two factors totals 78.07%. In laboratory study, the idea of “temporarily plugging the reservoir during drilling and the plugging agents can be removed in well completion” was adopted in drilling fluid design, and the microfractures in the reservoir rocks are intentionally protected with the plugging agents. According to the theory of bridging and plugging the microfractures, plugging agents that are highly acid soluble and fibers that are degradable are selected as the key additives working together to plugging the microfractures. Using these plugging agents, a drill-in fluid capable of plugging the microfractures in the reservoir through multiple bridging is formulated. The performance of the drill-in fluid in resisting high temperatures and salt and calcium contamination as well as the settling stability, compatibility and reservoir protection property are evaluated. The results show that the drill-in fluid works normally at temperatures up to 180 ℃, the pressure bearing capacity of the layers formed by the solids of this drill-in fluid exceeds 10 MPa, the permeability recovery after acid job is 96.86%, an increase by 16.23% over conventional drill-in fluids containing no acid soluble temporary plugging agents. This drill-in fluid has strong plugging capacity the high rate of flow-back characteristics, and is expected to alleviate the formation damage in the second block in Shunbei oilfield.
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Key words:
- Carbonate rock /
- Microfracture /
- Stability correction /
- Acid soluble /
- Plug /
- Drill-in fluid /
- Ultra-low damage
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表 1 岩样校正前后的敏感性校正结果
岩心 敏感性 裂缝宽
度/μm校正前损
害率/%校正后损
害率/%下降幅
度/%损害
程度6# 水敏+盐敏 22.02 21.39 15.69 26.65 弱 30# 碱敏 26.80 43.22 30.23 30.06 中等偏弱 
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表 2 岩心渗透率随有效应力变化拟合曲线参数
岩心 长度/
cm直径/
cm拟合
公式敏感
指数R2 18# 4.321 2.521 y = 250.54exp(−0.465x) 0.465 0.9968 26# 5.238 2.520 y = 240.80exp(−0.369x) 0.369 0.9969 8# 5.190 2.503 y = 197.13exp(−0.469x) 0.469 0.9886
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表 3 现用钻井完井液对裂缝岩心的动态损害实验评价
钻井完井液 岩心长度/cm 岩心直径/cm 裂缝宽度/μm 损害前渗透率/mD 损害后渗透率/mD 渗透率伤害率/% 钻井液 5.016 2.493 50.13 534.67 229.15 57.15 5.102 2.513 41.54 304.28 124.20 59.18 5.082 2.512 33.75 163.17 61.89 62.07 5.121 2.501 59.93 913.39 533.96 41.54 滤液 5.011 2.503 59.91 912.48 890.23 2.44 5.102 2.509 54.46 685.45 548.36 5.71 4.993 2.504 44.77 380.92 333.31 7.25 5.012 2.504 30.31 118.22 100.03 5.24
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表 4 顺北二区储层的损害类型及其占比
储层伤害
因素单一因素
伤害率/%占比/
%储层伤害
因素单一因素
伤害率/%占比/
%速敏 0 0 应力敏 95.86 49.61 水敏+盐敏 19.36 10.02 固相伤害 54.99 28.46 碱敏 17.86 9.24 滤液 5.16 2.67 注：结合工区实际钻井完井液pH值为8～10，表中碱敏伤害率是pH =10下的损害程度。
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表 5 随钻封堵材料的酸溶性
材料类型 材料名称 初始质量m0/g 滤纸质量m2/g 滤纸+酸溶后质量m1/g 酸溶率/% 刚性材料 GZD 1.00 1.00 1.02 98.0 微锰矿粉 1.00 1.00 1.02 98.0 核桃壳 1.00 1.01 1.71 30.0 充填材料 碳酸钙 1.00 1.00 1.01 99.0 单向压力封闭剂 1.01 0.99 1.29 70.3 YC-18 1.00 2.18 2.62 56.0 纤维材料 SQD-98（细） 1.00 2.17 2.29 88.0 改性木质素纤维 1.00 2.17 2.77 40.0 石棉纤维 1.00 2.16 2.88 28.0 降滤失剂 AP220 1.00 2.17 2.63 54.0 抗盐抗钙高温降滤失剂 1.00 2.18 3.06 12.0
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表 6 不同浓度GZD对不同裂缝宽度的影响
GZD/% 裂缝宽度/μm 累计滤失量/mL 突破压力/MPa 1.0 93.46 175.27 0.436 58.86 158.81 0.497 14.53 107.70 0.563 2.0 95.67 153.51 0.511 50.12 136.17 0.543 18.76 85.47 0.564 3.0 98.22 121.67 0.541 51.63 109.28 0.609 7.57 31.02 0.990
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表 7 不同浓度SQD-98对不同裂缝宽度的影响
SQD-98/% 裂缝宽度/μm 累计滤失量/mL 突破压力/MPa 1.0 92.48 134.23 1.580 46.12 100.87 1.836 15.63 72.67 1.973 2.0 96.42 106.96 2.231 53.06 76.31 2.727 11.23 51.99 3.414 3.0 94.37 87.02 2.791 48.86 58.28 3.390 12.29 35.27 3.662
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表 8 碳酸钙浓度对不同裂缝宽度的影响
碳酸钙/
%裂缝宽度/
μm累计滤失量/
mL突破压力/
MPa1.0 91.47 82.34 3.061 49.63 58.16 2.507 2.0 97.33 74.38 2.773 50.06 46.07 3.240 2.5 94.61 44.33 2.960 61.82 25.08 3.679 3.0 96.90 36.26 3.275 55.12 19.79 3.966 1.0 94.45 70.87 3.370 57.57 50.32 3.631 2.0 96.93 71.34 3.721 54.47 40.54 4.263 2.5 98.04 36.58 4.196 50.29 17.08 4.713 3.0 94.88 30.83 4.641 46.93 11.57 5.587
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表 9 单向压力封闭剂浓度对不同裂缝宽度的影响
单向压力
封闭剂/%裂缝宽度/
μm累计滤失量/
mL突破压力/
MPa0.5 92.64 23.99 5.638 62.41 10.04 7.233 1.0 94.85 15.62 6.313 53.74 7.48 8.176
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表 11 AP220浓度对不同裂缝宽度的影响
AP220/% 裂缝宽度/μm 累计滤失量/mL 突破压力/MPa 0.2 91.63 2.13 10.321 56.93 0.62 10.381 0.3 93.07 1.87 10.585 51.37 0.54 10.827
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表 12 钻井液的抗温性能和抗盐、抗钙性能（180 ℃、16 h）
添加物 实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLHTHP/
mL0 热滚前 53.0 44.0 9.0 热滚后 55.0 45.5 9.5 1.8 10.0%NaCl 热滚前 60.0 49.5 10.5 热滚后 59.0 48.0 11.0 4.4 2.5%CaSO4 热滚前 67.5 57.0 10.5 热滚后 64.0 54.5 9.5 4.8 5.0%CaSO4 热滚前 75.5 65.0 10.5 热滚后 72.0 61.0 11.0 7.1
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