The Development and Application of Well Cementing Cleaning Agent DQQX-2 and Flushing Fluid Formulated with It
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摘要: 为解决油基钻井液在套管壁及井壁形成不易冲洗的胶凝结构影响固井质量的问题，该研究重点进行了固井冲洗液用清洗剂的研制，通过对助剂体系各项物性指标的考察，筛选出具有高效清洗及助悬浮能力的清洗剂体系，同时根据固井前置液所要求的技术指标优选固井冲洗液用悬浮剂及其他助剂的种类及加入量，得到了一套具备高效清洗能力的固井冲洗液体系。室内实验发现，在清洗剂加入量达到3%～6%，悬浮剂加入量达到3%时，冲洗液可抗温180 ℃，加重密度可在1.2～2.0 g/cm3范围内调节，23 ℃静止24 h冲洗液上下密度差小于0.03 g/cm3，冲净油基钻井液的时间不大于7 min，与钻井液和水泥浆相容性优异。现场试验表明，应用该冲洗液体系，现场施工顺利，固井质量优质，水平段优质井段比例大于93%。说明该冲洗液体系可提升冲洗顶替效率，从而提升固井质量，具有较高推广价值。Abstract: Residual oil based drilling fluids retained on the surfaces of casing strings and on the borehole walls become gels that are difficult to wash away, hence affecting the job quality of well cementing. To solve this problem, efforts were made on the development of flushing fluids for well cementing. By studying the physical properties of various cleaning agents for use in well cementing, a cleaning agent system with high cleaning performance and suspending capacity is developed. Based on the technical requirements for the well cementing pre-pad fluids, the suspending agent and other additives for a high efficiency flushing fluid are engineered. Laboratory study shows that in the flushing fluid when the concentration of the cleaning agent is in a range of 3% to 6% and the concentration of the suspending agent is 3%, the flushing fluid can function normally at 180 ℃, the density of the flushing fluid can be adjusted between 1.2 g/cm3 and 2.0 g/cm3, and the difference between the density of the top fluid and the density of the bottom fluid is less than 0.03 g/cm3 after the flushing fluid stands for 24 h at 23 ℃. The time for the flushing fluid to clean completely the residual oil-based drilling fluids is within 7 min. This flushing fluid has good compatibility with the drilling fluids and the cement slurries. Field operation results show that in wells cleaned with this flushing fluid, the cementing job is performed smoothly, and the excellent job quality of cementing the horizontal section of a well is more than 93% of the total. Field operation achievements prove that this flushing fluid can be used to better clean the wellbores drilled with oil-based drilling fluids and enhance the efficiency of displacing the cement slurries, thereby improving the job quality of well cementing.
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Key words:
- Well cementing /
- Quality of well cementing /
- Multifunctional /
- Cleaning agent /
- Flushing fluid
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表 1 单一表面活性剂乳化白油实验
助剂种类及名称 乳液粒径/μm 乳液稳定性（23 ℃） D50 D98 4 h 24 h 烷基酚聚氧
乙烯醚RH1 1.02 3.22 优异 优异 RH2 1.05 3.50 优异 良好 蓖麻油聚氧
乙烯醚FS1 1.37 4.01 良好 破乳 椰子油聚氧
乙烯醚RH3 1.24 3.98 良好 破乳 脂肪醇聚氧
乙烯醚ST1 1.13 3.20 优异 优异 ST2 1.28 3.67 良好 良好 烷基苯
磺酸盐JX1 1.41 4.58 良好 良好 JX2 1.25 3.92 优异 良好 聚氧乙烯失水
山梨醇脂肪酸酯ZR1 2.54 5.37 良好 破乳 ZR2 2.44 5.33 破乳 破乳 ZR3 3.01 5.89 破乳 破乳 失水山梨醇
脂肪酸酯RH4 3.36 6.88 破乳 破乳 RH5 3.28 6.67 破乳 破乳 
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表 3 清洗剂使用溶剂的筛选
溶剂% 23 ℃静置24 h 150 ℃静置4 h 初切/Pa FV/s 初切/Pa FV/s 0 16 335 19 362 0.5 35 116 38 121 1.0 24 92 26 95 2.0 18 79 19 81 2.5 13 58 13 58 3.0 6 42 4 43
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表 4 悬浮剂的筛选
悬浮剂 加量/
%△ρ（23 ℃、24 h）/
g·cm−3△ρ（180 ℃、4 h）/
g·cm−3黄原胶 5 0.04 0.10 8 0.03 0.08 温轮胶 5 0.02 0.03 8 0.02 0.02 聚乙烯吡
咯烷酮5 0.05 0.12 8 0.04 0.07 聚乙烯醇 5 0.03 0.04 8 0.02 0.03
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表 6 不同清洗剂体系助悬性能评价
悬浮剂 △ρ（23 ℃、24 h）/
g·cm−3△ρ（180 ℃、4 h）/
g·cm−35%温轮胶 0.02 0.03 8%温轮胶 0.02 0.02 3%温轮胶+4%CX1 0.02 0.05 3%温轮胶+4%CX2 0.01 0.02 3%温轮胶+4%CX3 0.03 0.06 6%CX2 >0.05（15 min
后即明显析水）
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表 7 不同密度冲洗液悬浮稳定性评价
冲洗液原始密度/
g·cm−323 ℃静置24 h上下
密度/（g·cm−3）180 ℃静置4 h上下
密度/（g·cm−3）1.20 1.19 1.20 1.19 1.20 1.30 1.30 1.30 1.29 1.31 1.40 1.39 1.40 1.39 1.40 1.50 1.50 1.50 1.49 1.50 1.60 1.59 1.60 1.60 1.60 1.70 1.69 1.72 1.69 1.71 1.80 1.78 1.81 1.78 1.81
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表 8 不同比例的冲洗液与钻井液相容性实验数据
混合比例 φ600 φ300 φ200 φ100 φ6 φ3 100%冲洗液 48 31 22 14 5 4 100%钻井液 99 62 41 27 12 11 100%水泥浆 255 162 110 67 16 14 95%钻井液+5%冲洗液 95 59 37 24 9 8 75%钻井液+25%冲洗液 89 55 34 23 8 7 50%钻井液+50%冲洗液 75 49 32 21 7 6 50%冲洗液+50%水泥浆 153 99 67 43 11 9 25%冲洗液+75%水泥浆 204 130 89 55 14 12 5%冲洗液+95%水泥浆 242 152 104 62 15 13
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