Fast Plugging Inhibitive Drilling Fluid Technology for Horizontal Drilling Through Bauxite Rocks
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摘要: 陇东铝土岩属于长庆油田重要的资源接替储层，近期完试的陇**井、宁**井在太原组铝土岩勘探获得重大突破。针对该类储层溶孔和裂缝发育，井壁垮塌、漏失风险高及井眼清洁能力差的技术难题，通过铝土岩物性参数、理化性能、力学性能和敏感性测试分析等，明确了陇东铝土岩主要坍塌因素，研发出适用于铝土岩安全钻进的快封堵防塌钻井液技术。该体系在170 ℃高温高压滤失量小于10 mL，钻井液二次回收率大于91%，铝土岩样品在钻井液体系中浸泡15 d后和清水浸泡15 d后的抗压强度相比提升81.8%。快封堵防塌钻井液技术在长庆首口铝土岩水平井陇4**井进行了试验应用，助力该井700 m水平段的安全钻进，该井投产获日产无阻流量3.53×106 m3高产气流，创鄂尔多斯盆地上古生届勘探开发50多年新纪录，为该类储层的勘探开发提供了技术支撑。Abstract: Two wells, the well Long-XX and the well Ning-XX, in Longdong area are recently tested, and the target zone located in the bauxite formation has been found an important alternative resource for the Changqing Oilfield. Significant findings were obtained in exploring the bauxite formation through these two wells. Technical difficulties, such as prevailing of dissolution pores and fractures, borehole wall collapse, mud losses and poor hole cleaning etc. have been encountered in drilling the target bauxite formation. The main factors contributing to borehole wall collapse were found in analyzing and testing the bauxite samples for physical properties, chemical properties, mechanical properties and sensitivity characteristics, and a fast-plugging, inhibitive drilling fluid for safe drilling of the bauxite formation was developed. This drilling fluid has high temperature (170 ℃) high pressure filter loss of less than 10 mL and percent secondary cuttings recovery of greater than 91%. After soaking the bauxite samples in the drilling fluid and fresh water respectively for 15 days, the compressive strength of the samples tested in the drilling fluid is 81.8% higher than that of the samples tested in the fresh water. This drilling fluid has been tried in drilling the first horizontal Long-4XX well targeted the bauxite reservoir in Changqing, a horizontal section of 700 m was successfully drilled. The daily flowing production rate of this well is 3.53 × 106 m3, a new record made in developing the upper Paleozoic resources in the Erdos basin in the last 50 more years. This technology has provided a technical support to the development of the similar reservoirs.
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Key words:
- Bauxite /
- Horizontal well /
- Fast plugging /
- Anti-collapse /
- Drilling fluid
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表 1 不同井太原组地层铝土岩的全岩矿物分析
井 号 深度 /m 矿物含量/% 黏土成分 石英 钾长石 菱铁矿 绿泥石/高岭石 高岭石 锐钛矿 水铝石 城3**-22 3874.39 0.7 0.6 37.2 31.2 30.4 高岭石，少量伊利石 城3**-22 3875.60 0.5 0.8 12 34.5 32 20.1 高岭石，极少量伊利石 城3**-22 3876.96 0.6 29.2 17.6 52.6 高岭石，伊利石次之 陇**-1井 4227.80 0.5 27.1 17.6 2.5 52.3 高岭石为主，少量伊利石 陇**-1井 4228.05 0.5 28.2 15.8 2.2 52.4 高岭石为主，极少量伊利石 陇**-1井 4229.08 0.6 29.2 17.6 2.5 50.1 高岭石为主，伊利石次之 陇**井 4045.24 0.5 0.2 1.2 96.0 高岭石为主，伊利石次之 陇**井 4045.60 0.6 0.2 1.1 96.1 伊利石为主，高岭石次之 陇**井 4045.60 0.6 0.1 1.2 96.1 伊利石为主 
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表 2 不同井铝土岩的黏土矿物分析
井号 深度/
m高岭
石/%绿泥
石/%伊利
石/%伊/蒙间
层/%伊/蒙间
层比 /%陇**-1井 4227.80 5 0 25 70 20 陇**-1井 4228.05 5 0 28 67 20 陇**-1井 4229.08 0 7 61 32 20 陇**井 4045.24 0 2 57 41 20 陇**井 4045.60 0 1 60 39 20
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表 3 不同井铝土岩的膨胀量实验
井号 样品 初始膨胀
高度/mm最终膨胀
高度/mm膨胀量/
mm膨胀率/
%陇**井 1# 7.17 8.56 1.39 19.39 2# 7.05 8.25 1.20 17.02 城3-**井 1# 7.80 9.86 2.06 19.07 2# 7.67 9.41 1.11 18.49 陇**-1井 1# 7.33 9.09 1.76 24.01 2# 7.17 8.83 1.66 23.15
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表 4 不同井铝土岩的回收率实验（120 ℃）
井号 一次回收率/% 二次回收率/% 陇**井 96.61 93.32 96.20 92.76 陇**-1井 97.33 92.17 96.81 91.51 城**-1井 95.31 92.21 94.21 90.12
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表 5 铝土岩干岩样的三轴力学性能
样号 围压/
MPa长度/
cm直径/
cm泊松比 弹性模量/
MPa抗压强度/
MPa峰值应变/
%残余强度/
MPa残余应变/
%体积模量/
MPa剪切模量/
MPa备注 1# 40.8 5.028 2.477 0.271 42 528.21 149.27 0.42 105.54 0.72 16 730.22 30 952.12 干样 2# 40.8 5.005 2.477 0.460 20 013.98 49.83 0.53 48.85 0.86 6854.10 83 391.59 清水浸泡15 d 3# 40.8 5.037 2.486 0.393 29 576.66 90.61 0.47 77.20 1.03 10 616.17 46 069.56 钻井液浸泡15 d
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表 6 在钻井液中加入不同提切剂的流变性
提切剂 φ600 φ300 φ200 φ100 φ6 φ3 PV/Pa AV/mPa·s Gel/Pa 10 min 20 min 40 min 60 min XC 70 51 40 28 5 3 19 35 1.0 2.0 3.0 5.0 0.3%G341 73 54 38 26 7 4 19 39 3.5 5.0 6.0 6.0
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表 7 不同最大尺寸裂缝封堵剂的配比模拟结果
最大孔隙8 μm 最大孔隙10 μm 最大孔隙20 μm 封堵剂 占比/
kg·m−3封堵剂 占比/
kg·m−3封堵剂 占比/
kg·m−3G308 0 G308 0 G308 0.08 ASP-1250 20 ASP-1250 20 ASP-1250 17.11 G362 0 G362 0 G362 0.81 注：ASP-1250为1250目石灰石。
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表 8 在基浆中添加不同抑制剂的回收率
抑制剂 一次回收率/
%二次回收率/
%0 59.52 49.71 5.0%KCl 72.21 58.66 10.0%KCl 81.26 66.38 15.0%KCl 87.89 72.26 7.0%KCl+1%G319 95.68 92.29 10%复合盐 64.31 50.37 1.0%有机胺G319 93.21 88.01 2.0%有机胺G319 95.32 91.12
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表 9 不同密度钻井液体系的性能
项目 实验
条件ρ/
g·cm-3PV/
mPa·sAV/
mPa·sFLHTHP/
mLFL/
mL1# 热滚前 1.20 18.0 43.0 7.2 4.0 140 ℃、16 h 1.21 18.0 38.5 7.5 4.6 2# 热滚前 1.25 21.0 45.0 6.8 3.6 140 ℃、16 h 1.25 22.0 39.5 7.2 4.0 3# 热滚前 1.30 28.0 48.5 6.5 3.0 140 ℃、16 h 1.29 22.0 41.0 7.0 3.6 4# 热滚前 1.40 24.0 53.0 6.0 2.8 140 ℃、16 h 1.40 27.0 47.0 6.4 3.4
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表 10 陇47-1C井现场钻井液的性能
井深/m ρ/(g·cm-3) FV/s FLAPI/mL pH φ600 φ300 φ200 φ100 φ6 φ3 AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa 4470 1.35 55 1.6 9 83 51 39 26 6 5 41.5 32 9.5 4570 1.35 55 1.6 9 83 51 39 26 6 5 41.5 32 9.5 4675 1.35 55 1.6 9 83 51 39 26 6 5 41.5 32 9.5 4725 1.37 55 1.2 9 70 43 33 20 5 4 35.0 27 8.0 4913 1.41 56 1.2 9 70 43 33 20 5 4 35.0 27 8.0
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