Controlling Mud Losses into Deep Surface Formations of the Strike-Slip Fault Zone in the Tianhuan Depression in Ordos Basin
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摘要: 近年来随着青石峁区域的高产工业气流井的增加，该区域已成为长庆油田下一步天然气勘探开发的重要领域。青石峁区域属于鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷地质结构，但随着深探井部署增加，钻井井漏日益凸显，特别是深表层恶性漏失加剧，主要表现在第四系富含水层活跃，常规堵漏技术堵漏成功率低；罗汉洞组存在大段连续裂缝地层、漏失频发、堵漏时间长，为解决钻井过程中堵漏技术难点，针对浅层动水层，采用体膨阻水堵漏技术进行封固。研发随钻大颗粒漏速控制技术，实现一趟钻钻穿大段裂缝，进入稳定地层后采用多级配可固化堵漏工作液进行大段裂缝型漏层的封固，形成了一套鄂尔多斯盆地天环坳陷走滑断裂带深表层堵漏技术。该技术在青石卯区域成功应用，顺利完成多口深表层的施工。Abstract: In recent years, with the increase of high-yield industrial gas flow wells in the Qingshimao area, this area has The Qingshimao block in recent years has become a high gas production area and will be the next important exploration block in Changqing Oilfield. Geologically the Qingshimao block belongs to the Tianhuan depression in Erdos Basin, with more and more deep exploratory wells drilled in recent years, lost circulation, especially severe mud losses in deep surface section of a well, has been more frequently encountered during drilling. The severe lost circulation is mainly encountered in the Quaternary System in which formation waters are very active, and conventional techniques for controlling the lost circulation are rarely effective. The Luohandong formation, on the other hand, has long section of continuously fractured formation, and the lost circulation is frequently encountered and the treatment is time-consuming. In dealing with mud losses in shallower water-bearing formations, a lost circulation slurry that expands when in contact with water is used to control mud losses. Large particles that can control the rate of mud losses have been developed and used to ensure one trip of drilling through the whole length of fractures. When drilling into stable formations, cementable lost circulation slurries with wide particle size distribution can be used to plug and seal off the long section of fractured formations. These practices have formed a special technology for controlling mud losses encountered in drilling the deep surface hole in the strike-slip fault zone in the Tianhuan depression in Erdos Basin. This technology has been successfully used in the Qingshimao block, and several wells with deep surface holes have been successfully drilled.
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Key words:
- Erdos Basin /
- Tianhuan depression /
- Severe mud loss /
- Strike-slip fault
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表 1 堵漏工作液的催化剂加量优选
预聚体/
g催化剂/
%水/
gt初始反应/
st完全反应/
s抗压强度/
MPa50 1 50 60 210 2.0 50 3 50 49 170 2.5 50 5 50 25 68 3.0 50 7 50 10 40 3.1 50 9 50 5 26 3.1 
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表 2 堵漏工作液在空气中的暴露安全时间
预聚体/
g催化剂/
%放置不同时间（min）的稳定性 10 20 30 40 50 60 50 1 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 50 3 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 反应 50 5 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 稳定 反应 50 7 稳定 稳定 稳定 反应 反应 反应 50 9 稳定 稳定 反应 反应 反应 反应
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表 3 悬浮剂的优选
悬浮剂 加量/
%石英砂/
%不同时间（min）的密度差/(g·cm-3) 10 20 30 40 50 60 XCD 0.1 30 0.15 0.2 0.35 0.37 0.42 0.45 0.3 30 0.11 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.36 0.41 0.5 30 0.09 0.11 0.13 0.20 0.27 0.35 0.7 30 0.03 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.13 0.15 PAC-HV 0.1 30 0.27 0.33 0.43 0.47 0.51 0.53 0.3 30 0.22 0.29 0.34 0.39 0.43 0.48 0.5 30 0.11 0.18 0.24 0.27 0.33 0.38 0.7 30 0.04 0.08 0.14 0.18 0.21 0.23 TDL-1 0.1 30 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.12 0.16 0.3 30 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.5 30 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.7 30 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02
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表 4 多级配可固化堵漏工作液在不同缝板宽度的封堵承压性能（60 ℃）
缝板/mm 承压/MPa FL/mL 滤失率/% 0.5 10 50 10 1.0 10 125 25 1.5 10 155 31 2.0 10 245 49
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表 5 多级配可固化堵漏工作液的常规性能
测试条件 AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa Gel/(Pa/Pa) 初始 48 42 5.74 3/9 静止（4 h） 61 43 17.21 5/13 静止（8 h） 68 46 21.03 7/18 静止（12 h） 78 53 23.90 9/20
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表 6 不同支撑剂含量对堵漏工作液流动性的影响
ZCJ/% ρ/（g·cm−3） 塌落度/mm 施工安全性评价 0 1.25 25.0 易泵送 5 1.27 23.5 易泵送 10 1.29 23.0 易泵送 15 1.32 20.0 易泵送 20 1.35 18.5 易泵送 25 1.37 16.0 不易泵送 30 1.40 12.0 难泵送
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表 7 多级配可固化堵漏工作液对不同 缝板宽度的封堵承压性能
P/MPa 在不同缝板宽度（mm）的滤失量/mL 0.5 1 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 2 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 3 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 4 3.0 3.5 4.0 5.0 5 3.5 3.5 4.0 5.0 6 4.0 4.0 4.0 5.5 7 4.0 4.0 4.5 5.5 8 4.0 4.0 4.5 7.0 9 4.0 4.0 4.5 7.0 10 4.0 4.0 4.5 7.0 注：实验温度为60 ℃，以1 MPa/10 min的加压速率从0逐级加压至10 MPa。
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