Dual Prevention of Severe Losses of Cement Slurries in Cementing Long Open Holes
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摘要: 针对长裸眼恶性漏失固井难题，研制了温敏形状记忆防漏隔离液和泡沫防漏水泥浆，两者协同增效降低长裸眼恶性漏失井固井漏失风险。研发的温敏形状记忆材料耐温150 ℃，形变记忆温度80～110 ℃，制备的温敏形状记忆变形网颗粒形变后长度为常温状态的10倍，制备的温敏形状记忆膨胀球膨胀后粒径为常温状态的3倍，研制的温敏防漏隔离液综合性能良好，3 mm裂缝承压堵漏达8.5 MPa。研选了高性能发泡剂和稳泡剂，研制的泡沫水泥浆密度1.12～1.31 g/cm3可调，上下密度差小于0.01 g/cm3，1.12 g/cm3泡沫水泥石30 ℃下养护72 h后抗压强度可达6.4 MPa，水泥石中气泡均匀分散。形成了考虑等效堵漏时间和冲洗效率的堵漏隔离液段长的设计方法，制定了泡沫水泥浆分段恒气量注气方式。基于温敏防漏隔离液和泡沫水泥浆双重防漏的固井技术现场应用2井次，一次性封固段长超4000 m，隔离液和水泥浆均成功返到地面，固井质量良好。Abstract: Aiming at the cementing problem of long open hole malignant leakage wells, the thermo-sensitive shape memory loss prevention spacer and foam leakage prevention cement slurry were developed, which synergistically reduce the cementing loss risk of long open hole malignant leakage loss wells. The thermo-sensitive shape memory material was developed, which resistance temperature is 150 ℃ and deformation memory temperature is 80～110 ℃, the length of thermo-sensitive shape memory mesh particles after deformation is 10 times that of normal temperature, and the diameter of shape memory expansion ball after expansion is 3 times that of normal temperature. The thermo-sensitive leak-proof spacer was developed, and the bearing-capacity of 3mm crack can reach 8.5MPa. Foaming agent and foam stabilizer were selected, and foam cement slurry were developed, and the density can be adjusted from 1.12 to 1.31 g/cm3, the difference between the upper and lower parts was less than 0.01 g/cm3, and the compressive strength of 1.12 g/cm3 foamed cement stone can reach 6.6 MPa at 30 ℃/72 h, and bubbles in set cement are uniformly dispersed. The spacer duration design method that considering the equivalent plugging time and washing efficiency was established, and the foamed cement slurry section constant gas injection method was formed. Based on thermo-sensitive anti-leakage spacer and foam cement slurry, The leak-proof cementing technology has been applied for 2 Wells, and the one-time sealing section length exceeds 4000 m, and the spacer and cement slurry returned to the surface successfully and got good results.
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表 1 温敏复合防漏隔离液的基本性能
配方 温敏形状记忆
变形网/%温敏形状记忆
膨胀球/%刚性大
颗粒/%无机纤
维/%养护前 养护后 3 mm裂缝
封堵流动度/
cm流动度/
cmΔρ/
g·cm-3基浆 0 0 0 0 23 25 0 未封堵 1# 0.5 0.2 0 0 22 25 0 未封堵 2# 1.0 0.2 0.1 1 21 23 0.01 未封堵 3# 1.5 0.4 0.3 1 21 21 0.01 最高3.2 MPa，未封堵 4# 2.0 0.4 0.5 1 21 21 0.02 承压8.5 MPa，封堵成功 注：基浆配方：水+7%隔离液+2.5%隔离液助剂+85%加重材料+0.5%消泡剂；养护条件为93 ℃、20 min。 
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表 2 发泡剂对常规水泥浆发泡性能的影响
发泡剂 ρ发泡后/
g·cm−3静置2 h后的密度/
g·cm−3实验
现象上 中 下 阴离子类 1.31 1.19 1.42 1.66 气泡不均匀 非离子类 1.23 1.12 1.46 1.73 气泡不均匀 蛋白质类SCF 1.44 1.23 1.38 1.52 气泡较均匀 注：基浆配方：G级水泥+2%微硅+1%增黏剂+3%降失水剂+2%缓凝剂+40%水。
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表 3 稳泡剂对水泥浆性能的影响
稳泡剂 ρ发泡后/
g·cm−3静置2 h后密度/
g·cm−3实验
现象上 中 下 椰子油乙二
醇胺65011.28 1.21 1.29 1.34 气泡较均匀 聚阴离子
纤维素1.26 1.20 1.26 1.30 气泡较均匀 生物基多糖
聚合物SCW1.23 1.20 1.22 1.23 气泡均匀 注：基浆配方：G级水泥+2%微硅+1%增黏剂+3%降失水剂+2%缓凝剂+38%水+2%SCF。
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表 4 泡沫水泥浆常规性能评价
配方 ρ/
g/cm3K n 沉降稳定性/
g/cm3t稠化/
minp/MPa 48 h/90 ℃ 72 h/30 ℃ 低密度
基浆1.45 0.96 0.73 1.45/1.45/1.45 332 20.5 16.1 泡沫
水泥浆1.31 1.30 0.71 1.31/1.31/1.31 342 14.7 10.5 1.20 1.34 0.70 1.20/1.20/1.21 351 12.3 8.6 1.12 1.47 0.72 1.11/1.11/1.12 380 8.6 6.4 注：低密度基浆：G油井水泥+18%微珠+12%微硅+1%增黏剂+7%降失水剂+2.8%缓凝剂+1%早强剂+62%水；泡沫水泥浆：低密度基浆+4%发泡剂+0.6%稳泡剂；稠化条件：110 ℃、80 MPa；泡沫水泥石强度为加压4 MPa密封取样测取。
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表 5 多级注气泡沫水泥浆固井设计
级数 井深/m P/
MPa水泥浆基浆
体积/m3注气量/
m3/m3密度区间/
g·cm−3顶端～底端 1 500～1000 13.32 11 17 1.19～1.28 2 1000～1500 19.50 11 27 1.22～1.27 3 1500～2000 25.60 11 36 1.23～1.27 4 2000～2500 31.70 13 44 1.24～1.26 5 2500～3000 37.80 13 50 1.24～1.26 6 3000～3500 44.00 13 56 1.24～ 1.26 7 3500～4000 50.10 13 62 1.24～1.26
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