深水钻井液可控因素对气藏损害归因分析形成的气井产能预测

廖高龙; 梁豪; 马双政; 张耀元; 申远; 南源; 王冠翔; 贺垠博

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.03.007

深水钻井液可控因素对气藏损害归因分析形成的气井产能预测

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.03.007

1.
中海石油有限公司海南分公司, 海南海口 570311
2.
中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司, 广东湛江 524057
3.
中国石油大学(北京), 北京 102249)

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目“智能钻井液聚合物处理剂刺激响应机理与分子结构设计方法研究”（52004297）。

详细信息

作者简介:
廖高龙，男，现在主要从事地质作业管理及技术研究工作。E-mail:liaog12@cnooc.com.cn。

通讯作者:
马双政，研究方向为钻完井液储层保护研究。E-mail:mashzh2@cnooc.com.cn。

中图分类号: TE 258
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-05
- 修回日期: 2024-02-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-30

Prediction of Gas Well Productivity Based on Attribution Analysis of Controllable Factors of HEM Water-Based Drilling Fluid to Gas Reservoir Damage

1.
Hainan Branch of CNOOC Petroleum Co., Ltd., Haikou, Hainan 570311
2.
CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd. Engineering Technology Branch, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524057
3.
China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249

摘要

摘要: 随着开采程度加深，钻井液造成的储层损害防治要求日益突出，储层保护现已成为气田产能充分释放的关键因素。而深水钻井液体系随井深不断加深，钻井液各性能变化，造成储层损害程度加剧，储层保护性能优化方向不明。因此通过Pearson相关性分析和灰色关联度分析相结合的方式对储层损害进行钻井液可控因素方面的归因分析，确定主控因素，建立气井产能模型。结果表明：钻井液的固相粒径、表面张力、矿化度和高温高压滤失量是钻井液导致储层损害的主控因素。根据归因分析结果，提出了复配不同粒径分布的碳酸钙作为加重剂的优化方法，将钻井液渗透率恢复值提高了12.1%～19.68%。收集了Y8、Y9两口井的现场参数进行了模型适用性验证，结果表明建立的模型准确率达到94%以上。
- 气井产能 /
- 储层损害 /
- 归因分析 /
- 钻完井 /
- 多元回归
Abstract: As the depth of drilling increases, the prevention and control of reservoir damage caused by drilling fluids has become increasingly prominent, and reservoir protection has become a key factor in the full release of gas field production capacity. As the well depth deepens, the various properties of the deepwater drilling fluid change, causing the degree of reservoir damage to intensify and the direction of reservoir protection performance optimization becomes unclear. Therefore, this paper combines Pearson correlation analysis and grey relational analysis to perform attribution analysis of controllable factors of drilling fluids in reservoir damage, identify the main controlling factors, and establish a gas well productivity model. The results show that the solid particle size, surface tension, mineralization degree, and high-temperature and high-pressure fluid loss of drilling fluids are the main controlling factors causing reservoir damage. According to the attribution analysis results, an optimization method using a composite of different particle size distributions of calcium carbonate as a weighting agent is proposed, which increases the permeability recovery of drilling fluids by 12.1 to 19.68%. The applicability of the model is verified by collecting field parameters from wells Y8 and Y9, and the results show that the accuracy of the model established in this paper is over 94%.
- Gas well productivity /
- Reservoir damage /
- Attribution analysis /
- Drilling and completion /
- Multiple regression

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图 1 深水区储层孔喉特征

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图 2 Pearson相关分析结果

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图 3 钻井液可控因素灰色关联度排序

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图 4 含水饱和度和岩心渗透率恢复值关系

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图 5 不同粒径的CaCO₃的粒度分布

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图 6 优化前后HEM钻井液储层保护性能对比

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表 1 深水钻井液基本性能(1.4 g/cm³，3.5 MPa)

T_热滚/℃	条件	AV/mPa·s	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	动塑比/Pa·(mPa·s)⁻¹	φ₆	φ₃	pH值	FL_API/mL	FL_HTHP/mL
130	老化前	62	44	18	0.4091	8	6	9.4
130	老化后	60	47	13	0.2766	6	4	9.3	1.2	5.6
140	老化前	74	49	29	0.5102	8	6	9.2
140	老化后	66	48	22	0.3750	8	5	9.3	1.4	10.0

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表 2 天然岩心黏土矿物X射线衍射报告

黏土矿物相对含量/%
I/S (伊蒙混层)	I （伊利石）	Kao （高岭石）	C （绿泥石）	S （蒙脱石）
24	59	10	7	/
28	47	15	10	/
30	39	18	13	/
30	33	22	15	/
21	40	22	17	/

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表 3 天然岩心初始气测渗透率及工程参数（部分）

岩心编号	K₀/mD	污染压差/MPa	t_污染/min
1	3.83	3.5	120
2	20.45	3.5	120
3	0.29	3.5	120
4	1.86	1.0	125
5	3.72	3.5	150
6	5.07	5.0	175
7	15.10	3.0	240
8	19.27	5.0	240
9	20.64	7.0	240
10	0.09	1.0	125
11	0.14	3.5	150

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表 4 不同密度的HEM钻井液的各项性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FL_API/ mL	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	动塑比	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL(150 ℃)	pH	线性膨胀高度/mm	油相体积含量/%	固相体积含量/%	固相均径/ μm	渗透率恢复值/%
1.40	1.2	60.0.0	47	13.0	0.277	6.0/8.0	5.6	9.4	6.1	5.28	11.81	421.2	79.10
1.45	1.4	66.0	48	22.0	0.375	6.0/8.0	10.0	9.3	6.5	5.21	18.91	430.1	71.25
1.45	1.2	76.0	50	26.0	0.520	6.5/9.0	7.8	9.5	7.2	5.21	18.91	430.1	70.07
1.53	1.2	82.0	67	15.0	0.224	7.5/11.0	6.8	9.4	7.1	5.10	24.52	445.4	81.25
1.53	2.2	83.0	76	7.0	0.090	6.5/12.0	8.4	9.5	6.8	5.10	24.52	445.4	75.98
1.70	1.8	98.0	77	21.0	0.270	13.0/31.0	8.6	9.3	7.0	4.97	24.52	478.9	75.69
1.70	2.2	108.0	87	21.0	0.240	8.0/13.0	10.6	9.4	6.8	4.97	24.52	478.9	81.52
1.90	4.0	136.0	101	35.0	0.347	19.0/32.0	10.6	9.5	6.7	4.36	28.98	498.4	79.68
1.90	8.8	112.0	96	16.0	0.170	13.0/34.0	9.6	9.6	7.0	4.36	28.98	498.4	83.56
2.00	3.8	142.5	107	35.5	0.332	11.0/20.0	14.4	9.5	7.2	4.26	31.25	542.6	68.98
2.00	6.4	93.5	87	6.5	0.070	6.0/11.5	14.7	9.5	7.1	4.26	31.25	542.6	70.65

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表 5 不同渗透率天然岩心的参数

井深/ m	气测渗透率/ 10⁻³μm²	孔隙度/ %	直径/ cm	长度/ cm
3041.33	1.74	17.9	2.502	5.101
3133.28	17.76	17.2	2.456	4.618
4168.37	0.27	9.1	2.498	5.802

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表 6 优化前后深水钻井液的储层保护性能

渗透率级别	岩心质量增加/g		渗透率恢复值/%		渗透率恢复值增加/%
渗透率级别	优化前	优化后	优化前	优化后	优化后
中渗	0.2399	0.1375	79.1	91.20	12.10
高渗	0.3399	0.1780	71.25	87.52	16.27
低渗	0.2899	0.1180	70.07	89.75	19.68

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表 7 Y8和Y9井的生产数据和所用钻井液的性能参数

生产数据参数	标况下产气量/ m³·d⁻¹	实际气体偏差系数Z	实际气层温度/℃	外边界压力/ MPa	井底流压/ MPa	供给半径 ${r}_{{\rm{e}}}$/m	井筒半径 ${r}_{{\rm{w}}}$/m	气体黏度/ mPa·s	储层厚度h/ m	K₀/ mD
Y8	507684	1.183	84.83	29.485	29.473	500	0.24	0.0187	107.2	1.74
Y9	14014	1.162	89.42	28.698	28.352	500	0.34	0.031	107.2	0.27

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表 8 YL8-3-1和YL8-3-2井的所用钻井液的性能参数

	污染压差/ MPa	σ/ mN·m⁻¹	AV/ mPa·s	Vs/ %	FL_HTHP/ mL	线性膨胀高度/mm	pH	固相均径/ μm	t_污染/ d	YP/ Pa	油相体积含量/%	PV/ mPa·s	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	矿化度/ g·L⁻¹
Y8	0.88	41.24	29	18.91	5.60	7	9.5	135	0.125	0.2766	5.2	17	1.09	11.412
Y9	0.88	41.24	41	18.91	5.60	7	9.5	135	0.125	0.2766	5.2	25	1.06	11.412

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