渤中凹陷裂缝性致密储层钻开液伤害研究

张宇飞; 王超群; 徐博韬; 苗海龙; 罗程; 苏俊霖

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.03.006

渤中凹陷裂缝性致密储层钻开液伤害研究

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.03.006

1.
中海油田服务股份有限公司油田化学研究院, 天津 300301
2.
西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院, 成都 610500

基金项目: 中海油田服务股份有限公司重点科研项目“海上中深层低渗/裂缝储层伤害评价方法研究及应用”（YHB22YF006）。

详细信息

作者简介:
张宇飞，硕士研究生，工程师，主要研究方向为钻完井液体系研发及储层保护，E-mail：zhangyf81@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
苏俊霖，博士，教授，E-mail：sjlzr2006@163.com。

中图分类号: TE 254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-15
- 修回日期: 2024-01-29
- 刊出日期: 2024-06-30

Study on Damage by Drilling Fluid of Fractured Tighten Reservoirs in Bozhong Sag

1.
Oilfield Chemistry Research Institute, China Oilfield Service Co., LTD., Binhai High-tech Zone, Tianjin 300301
2.
School of Petroleum and Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500

摘要

摘要: 储层伤害程度的评价对储层保护以及提高油气产率具有重要意义。位于渤海湾盆地的渤中凹陷地区储层属于裂缝性致密储层，取心困难且缺乏合适统一的伤害评价方法，导致储层保护难度较大。为此，结合储层的现场实际情况，设计制作了内部透明可视的3D打印裂缝岩心及相应的储层伤害评价装置，使用流量损害率评价法代替渗透率损害率评价法对渤中凹陷地区储层钻开液伤害进行研究。实验结果表明，现场在用EZFLOW钻开液体系流变性能稳定，滤失性能良好；EZFLOW钻开液对储层的伤害程度小于3%膨润土浆对储层的伤害程度，对岩心的伤害率在11.7%～26.2%之间，属于弱伤害程度；岩心的伤害率具有随岩心开度升高而降低的特点；对于不同规格的裂缝岩心而言，岩心越长，裂缝越宽，伤害率就会越大。
- 3D打印透明裂缝岩心 /
- 流量伤害率评价法 /
- 钻开液伤害研究
Abstract: The evaluation of reservoir damage is important to reservoir protection and oil and gas yield improvement. Reservoirs in the Bozhong sag of the Bohai Bay Basin are naturally fractured tight reservoirs, coring in these reservoirs is difficult and many different methods of evaluating the reservoir damage are in use, resulting in difficulties in implementing effective reservoir protection measures. To deal with this problem, combined with the actual situation of reservoirs , design and manufacture 3D printed fractured cores with transparent and visible interior and reservoir damage evaluation devices. In evaluating reservoir damage by different drill-in fluids used in Bozhong, the flow-rate damage rate instead of the permeability damage rate is used. Experimental results show that the drill-in fluid EZFLOW, which is presently in field application, has stable rheology and good filtration property. Compared with 3% bentonite drilling fluid, the EZFLOW drill-in fluid imposes smaller damage to the reservoirs, the rates of reservoir damage imposed by the EZFLOW drill-in fluid are between 11.7% and 26.2%, which are weak reservoir damage. The rate of damage to the cores is decreasing with increase in the opening degrees of the cores; for different fractured cores, the longer the cores and the wider the fractures, the higher the damage rate.
- 3D printed transparent fracture core /
- Flow rate damage rate evaluation method /
- Study on damage by drill-in fluid

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图 1 渤中凹陷区块裂缝开度分布图

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图 2 裂缝彩色渲染四视图

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图 3 岩心构建流程

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图 4 3D打印可视岩心成品

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图 5 被EZFLOW钻开液体系伤害后清水驱替前后的对比

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表 1 储层伤害程度评价标准

D_Q/%	储层损害程度	D_Q/%	储层损害程度
${D}_{{\rm{Q}}}$≤5	无	50<${D}_{{\rm{Q}}}$≤70	中等偏强
5<${D}_{{\rm{Q}}}$≤30	弱	${D}_{{\rm{Q}}}$>70	强
30<${D}_{{\rm{Q}}}$≤50	中等偏弱

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表 2 EZFLOW钻开液常规性能测定

老化条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	动塑比	滤失量/mL		泥饼厚度/ mm
老化条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	动塑比	API	HTHP	泥饼厚度/ mm
	37.0	18.5	18.9	1.02	2.0		0.3
135 ℃、16 h	37.5	19.0	20.4	1.07	1.9	6.6	0.3/0.8

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表 3 50 µm裂缝开度钻开液伤害率测实验结果

P_驱替/ MPa	驱替方式	Q_o/ mL·min^-1	驱替方式	Q_d/ mL·min^-1	伤害率 D_Q/%
3	清水反向	2.71	伤害后清水反向	2.03	25.1
3	清水反向	2.66	伤害后清水反向	2.05	22.9
3	清水反向	2.75	伤害后清水反向	2.03	26.2
3	清水反向	2.80	伤害后清水反向	2.11	24.6
3	清水反向	2.69	伤害后清水反向	1.99	26.0

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表 4 100 µm裂缝开度钻开液伤害率测实验结果

P _驱替/ MPa	驱替方式	Q_o/ mL·min⁻¹	驱替方式	Q_d/ mL·min⁻¹	伤害率 D_Q/%
3	清水反向	4.39	伤害后清水反向	3.60	18.0
3	清水反向	4.28	伤害后清水反向	3.51	18.0
3	清水反向	4.26	伤害后清水反向	3.57	16.2
3	清水反向	4.31	伤害后清水反向	3.66	15.1
3	清水反向	4.40	伤害后清水反向	3.70	15.9

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表 5 150 µm裂缝开度钻开液伤害率测实验结果

P _驱替/ MPa	驱替方式	Q_o/ mL·min^-1	驱替方式	Q_d/ mL·min^-1	伤害率 D_Q/%
3	清水反向	5.40	伤害后清水反向	4.68	13.3
3	清水反向	5.33	伤害后清水反向	4.68	12.2
3	清水反向	5.32	伤害后清水反向	4.60	13.5
3	清水反向	5.51	伤害后清水反向	4.77	13.4
3	清水反向	5.45	伤害后清水反向	4.81	11.7

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表 6 在3 MPa驱替压力下不同规格岩心的伤害率

驱替方式	Q_o/ mL·min^-1	驱替方式	Q_d/ mL·min^-1	伤害率/%
清水反向 (Φ2.5×10 cm)	4.55	3%膨润土浆伤害后清水反向	3.39	25.5
清水反向 (Φ2.5×10 cm)	4.40	EZFLOW体系伤害后清水反向	3.75	14.8
清水反向 (Φ3.8×30 cm)	7.50	EZFLOW体系伤害后清水反向	4.60	38.7
注：驱替压力为3 MPa。

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