Preparation and properties of A Guanidine Gel Fracturing Fluid System for Wellbore Reconstruction
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摘要: 为了解决重建井筒重复压裂施工面临的压裂液成本高、施工摩阻高、施工压力波动大、加砂困难等问题，合成了一种接枝改性胍胶和多级螯合交联剂，形成了一种适用于重建井筒重复压裂用胍胶压裂液。该压裂液体系溶胀性能好，3 min黏度可达到最高黏度的87%；组分剂量低，3.8 g/L的加量液体黏度与普通胍胶6 g/L的加量相当；降阻率高于70%，残渣含量小于70 mg/L，在150 ℃条件下剪切2 h，黏度稳定在50 mPa·s以上，携砂性能好，支撑剂2 h基本无沉降。该压裂液在首口全国产化的重复压裂重点井进行了应用，最高排量17.5 m3/min，最高砂比30%、单段平均加砂220 m3，解决了重复压裂施工加砂困难的难题，取得了良好的应用效果。Abstract: In reconstructing wellbores by refracturing of the reservoirs, several problems such as high cost of the fracturing fluids as well as difficulties in controlling friction and adding sands into the fracturing fluids, need to be solved. In this study a guar gum modified by graft and a multilevel chelating crosslinking agent are synthesized and are used to formulate a guar gum fracturing fluid for reconstructing wellbores through refracturing. This fracturing fluid has good swelling property, its 3 min viscosity can be as high as 87% of its maximum viscosity. The viscosifying capacity of this new guar gum is better than that of the conventional guar gum; A fracturing fluid treated with 3.8 g/L of this new guar gum has viscosity that is the same as the fracturing fluid treated with 6 g/L conventional guar gums. This new guar gum reduces the friction of fracturing fluids by at least 70% and the content of residues left in a used fracturing fluid is less than 70 mg/L. After shearing at 150 °C for 2 h, the viscosity of the fracturing fluid is 50 mPa∙s or higher. The fracturing fluid has good sand carrying capacity, almost no settling of proppants is found after 2 h of standing of the fracturing fluid. This fracturing fluid has been applied on the first well fractured with equipment and facilities that are all homemade. In the fracturing operation, the flowrate of the fracturing fluid was 16 m3/min, the highest sand/fluid ratio was 30%, and the sand used in one fracturing segment was averaged at 220 m3, solving the difficulty of adding sand into the fracturing fluid. Good application results are achieved in this operation.
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表 1 几种胍胶稠化剂性能对比
胍胶
稠化剂用量/
%溶胀性能/
mPa·s水分/
%水不溶物/
%1 min 3 min 5 min 2 h 胍胶原粉 0.60 18 39 54 75 9.13 14.32 JK101 0.60 36 48 60 84 8.48 6.63 昆山GHPG 0.60 42 54 75 87 8.06 2.80 改性胍胶1号 0.60 66 81 99 102 9.12 14.21 0.38 39 51 57 66 改性胍胶2号 0.60 32 45 78 81 9.02 1.54 0.38 18 24 27 32 D1 0.60 72 90 96 99 8.03 1.66 0.38 42 51 54 57 
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表 2 几种交联剂交联性能评价
交联剂 NaOH/
g·L-1t交联/
sη/
mPa·s冻胶
强度无 51 1# 1 485 315 半挑挂 2# 1 20 96 不可挑挂，
黏弹性较强3# 1 38 86 不可挑挂，
黏弹性一般4# 1 368 488 全挑挂，
黏弹性较强5# 1 430 392 半挑挂，
黏弹性一般6# 1 33 129 不可挑挂，
黏弹性强W1 1 294 609 全挑挂，
黏弹性强注：D1的加量为0.38 g/L，交联剂加量为0.3 ml/L。
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表 3 接枝改性胍胶压裂液适应不同温度储层的配方
序号 T/ ℃ 接枝改性胍胶压裂液配方 1# 60 2.0 g/L D1 + 1.0 g/L NaOH + 5.0 mL/L 防膨剂 +1.0 mL/L 助排剂+4.0 mL/L W1 2# 90 2.5 g/L D1 + 1.0 g/L NaOH + 5.0 mL/L 防膨剂 +1.5 mL/L 助排剂+4.0 mL/L W1 3# 120 3.0 g/L D1 + 1.0 g/L NaOH + 5.0 mL/L 防膨剂 +2.0 mL/L 助排剂+4.5 mL/L W1 4# 150 3.8 g/L D1 + 1.0 g/L NaOH + 5.0 mL/L 防膨剂 +3.0 mL/L 助排剂+5.0 mL/L W1
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表 5 接枝改性胍胶压裂液破胶性能测试
配方 T破胶/
℃t破胶/
hη/
mPa·s表面张力/
mN·m−1膨胀体积/
mL残渣含量/
mg·L−11# 60 2.5 1.88 27.32 1.80 39.4 2# 90 2.0 1.67 26.89 1.95 46.8 3# 120 2.0 1.92 26.46 1.80 55.6 4# 150 2.0 2.11 25.92 1.75 69.5
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