A Device for Quantitatively Evaluating the Hydration of Cement in Impacting Stability of Hydrate Layers and a Case Evaluation
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摘要: 针对海洋深水水合物层在固井过程水泥水化放热对水合物分解量的影响缺乏量化评价装置及方法的问题，充分考虑固井过程中水泥浆体系与水合物层的接触方式，建立了一套模拟水合物层固井的水合物稳定性评价实验装置，该装置实现了低温高压下水合物的生成、带压条件下水泥浆与水合物层接触的流动泵入，直观地测试了与水合物层直接接触下的水泥浆水化放热对地层温度、压力的影响。根据设计的实验装置，通过对水合物饱和度、水合物分解气量的推导计算，建立了一套水合物模拟地层的制作方法，并建立了水泥浆水化影响水合物层稳定性评价方法。根据南海地区浅层地质条件建立了模拟水合物地层，泵入G级油井水泥净浆、低密水泥浆体系和低热水泥浆体系等3组水泥浆体系，得出单位体积油井水泥候凝过程中分解水合物的气体的量分别为0.7356、0.1091和0.0649 mol/L，且评测表明，低热水泥浆体系能够大幅度缩短固井候凝的等待时间。该研究为油气固井过程中对浅层水合物的影响提供了直观测试方法，也证明了海洋深水水合物地层中使用低热水泥浆体系的必要性。Abstract: A new device is developed aimed at evaluating the effect of the hydration heat of the cement on the amount of the dissociated hydrate during well cementing operation. In developing this device, the contact manners of the cement slurries with the hydrate are fully considered. Using this device, hydrates at low temperature and high pressure can be generated, the cement slurry can be pumped under pressure into the wellbore while in contact with the hydrate layers, and the effect of the hydration heat of the cement slurry which is directly in contact with the hydrate layers on the formation temperature and pressure is directly measured. By calculating the gas saturation of hydrates and the amount of gas released from the dissociation of hydrates, a method of developing simulated hydrate formation is established taking into account the properties of the device, and a method is formulated for evaluating the effect of the hydration of cement on the stability of hydrate layers. In laboratory experiments, a simulated hydrate formation is constructed based on the geology of the shallower formations in south China Sea, three different cement slurries (a blank class G oil well cement slurry, a low-density cement slurry and a low-heat cement slurry) are pumped into the simulated hydrate formation. The experiment results show that in the setting process of the cement slurries, the quantities of the gas released from the hydrate by the heat from the hydration of the three kinds of cement are 0.7356, 0.1091 and 0.0649 mol/L, respectively. These results show that the low-heat cement slurry can greatly shorten the time required for the cement slurry to set. This study has provided a method of directly testing the effect of cement hydration on the hydrates in the shallower formations, and it also shows that low-heat cement should be used in cementing the hydrate formations in deep water drilling.
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表 1 水合物层固井实验用水泥配方
配方 G级水
泥/%降失水
剂/%分散
剂/%微硅/
%漂珠/
%早强
剂/%储能微
球/%水固
比1# 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.5 2# 100 2.0 1.0 12.5 12.5 0 0 0.5 3# 100 2.0 1.0 12.5 12.5 0.25 20.0 0.5 
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表 2 水合物层固井实验用水泥性能
配方 ρ/
g·cm−3p24 h/
MPat稠化/
min水化温度峰值/℃ 水化热/
J·g−1沉降稳定性/
g·cm−3PV/
mPa·sYP/
Pa20 ℃ 4 ℃ 1# 1.92 0 >600 92.3 47.7 283.46 <0.02 202 6.48 2# 1.50 0 >600 66.9 40.9 208.41 <0.02 231 8.88 3# 1.51 3.6 295 47.6 31.1 161.39 <0.02 97 13.32
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表 3 3组水合物稳定后模拟地层实验数据
配方 釜内温度Ti/K 釜内压力pi/MPa 水合物饱和度S/% 1# 276.55 4.99 36.94 2# 277.15 5.00 36.80 3# 276.88 5.01 36.75
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表 4 水合物层水泥候凝实验数据
配方 水合物稳定后的釜内温度Ti/K 水合物稳定后釜内压力pi/MPa $t$时刻釜内压力pt/MPa t时刻釜内温度Tt/K 水泥体积变化率λ 单位体积水泥浆水化分解气量/（mol·L−1） 1# 276.55 4.99 6.95 281.95 −0.0197 0.7356 2# 277.15 5.00 5.29 278.55 −0.0081 0.1091 3# 276.88 5.01 5.17 277.05 −0.0051 0.0649
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