Conductivity Prediction Based on Fracture Closure Theory and 3D Printing
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摘要: 酸蚀裂缝导流能力对于酸压方案的优化和产能评估具有十分重要的意义，但是在酸蚀导流能力测试过程中存在高闭合压力下岩心柱破裂情况，影响实验数据的准确性。基于以上问题，综合采用3D扫描和3D打印技术以及受压情况下裂缝闭合理论对酸蚀裂缝导流能力进行研究。首先对岩样进行酸蚀实验，通过逆向建模技术获取到酸蚀后岩心三维模型，采用SLA3D打印技术制备含粗糙壁面的三维岩心模型，对酸蚀岩心和3D打印岩心开展不同围压下渗流实验。运用离散化数据处理方法，结合赫兹接触模型和N-K模型编写导流能力预测界面，使用数值模拟方法反映闭合应力下裂缝形变情况。研究结果表明，结合真实岩体三维数字模型及SLA3D打印技术制备真实岩样，为制作复杂裂缝岩心模型提供了有效途径；酸蚀岩心和3D打印岩心导流能力实验结果、3D打印岩心实验结果和数值模拟结果误差均小于7.7%，数值模拟与碳酸盐岩心实验值的误差小于9.6%；以低闭合压力下实验和模拟结果为基础可以预测高闭合压力下裂缝导流能力，提出的研究方法为定量化表征酸蚀裂缝导流能力提供了可靠途径。Abstract: The conductivity of acid-etched fractures is important to the optimization of acid-fracturing program and the production evaluation of a well. In testing the conductivity of acid-etched fractures, the core column under test may break down at high closure pressures and this will cause the test results to become inaccurate. To deal with this problem, the conductivity of acid-etched fractures is studied using the 3D scanning and 3D printing technologies as well as the theory on the closure of fractures under pressure. In the study, the core samples were first acid etched. Using reverse modeling technology, the 3D model of the acid-etched cores was obtained. Using the SLA3D printing technology, a 3D core model with rough walls was prepared. Then seepage experiment was conducted under different confining pressures on the acid-etched cores and the 3D printed cores. Using the discretized data processing method, the deformation of the fractures under the action of the closure stress was presented using numerical simulation in combination with the Hertz contact model and a conductivity prediction interface programed with the N-K model. The study results show that the 3D digital model of the real rocks and the real core samples made with the SLA3D printing technology together can be an effective way of preparing complex fractured core models. The errors of the conductivity test made on the acid-etched cores and the 3D printed cores, the test made on the 3D printed cores as well as the numerical simulation are all less than 7.7%, and the errors between the numerical simulation results and the carbonate core test results are less than 9.6%. The experiment and numerical simulation results obtained under low closure pressures can be used to predict the conductivity of the fractures under high closure pressures. The study method proposed provides a reliable approach for quantitatively characterizing the conductivity of acid-etched fractures.
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Key words:
- Carbonate rock /
- Acid-etching fractures /
- 3D printing /
- Flow conductivity
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表 1 实验设计数据
模拟参数 实际参数 实验室参数 缝长（L） 80 m 50 mm 缝宽（w） 10 mm 2 mm 缝高（h） 80 m 25 mm 流量（Q） 5 m3/min 7.81 mL/min 
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