超高温热循环作用下水泥环完整性及界面力学性能衰退规律

陈毅; 张彬奇; 刘鹏; 周念涛

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.01.012

超高温热循环作用下水泥环完整性及界面力学性能衰退规律

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2024.01.012

中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司, 天津300459

基金项目: 十四五重大科技项目“渤海典型稠油油藏热采提高采收率及关键工艺技术研究”(KJGG2022-0602)。

详细信息

作者简介:
陈毅，高级工程师，毕业于中国石油大学（华东）大学石油工程专业，现在主要从事钻完井专业工作。E-mail：chenyi@cnooc.com.cn。

中图分类号: TE256
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-20
- 修回日期: 2023-09-13
- 刊出日期: 2024-01-30

Cement Sheath Integrity and Decay Law of Interface Mechanical Properties Under Ultra-high Temperature Thermal Cycling

Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Tianjin 300459

摘要

摘要: 稠油热采井因周期性蒸汽吞吐，造成井筒内的温度波动及持续变化、循环加卸载引发的水泥环完整性问题将威胁到井筒的完整性，导致井口抬升等安全问题频发。为了弄清超高温热循环作用下水泥环完整性失效机理、界面胶结衰退规律，避免蒸汽吞吐过程中套管-水泥环界面胶结失效，提出了超高温热循环环境下水泥环胶结强度评价方法，自主研发了集浇筑、养护、加热及测试一体化的水泥环胶结强度特色测试装置，并对“生产套管-水泥环-技术套管”组合体在超高温热循环作用下的界面完整性和力学完整性进行了测试及评价，获得了水泥环在3种不同温度（常温↗150 ℃↘常温，常温↗200 ℃↘常温，常温↗250 ℃↘常温）热循环作用下的完整性及界面力学性能实验结果。研究结果表明：高温热循环作用对水泥环力学及界面力学完整性具有显著的负面影响；随着温度和热循环次数的增大，水泥环界面力学性能显著降低。150 ℃热循环7次、200 ℃热循环5次以及250 ℃热循环1次后，套管与水泥环界面脱离；150 ℃热循环13次、200 ℃热循环9次以及250 ℃热循环7次后，水泥环界面剪切力、化学胶结力、摩擦力以及剪切胶结强度均降低为0，水泥环界面力学性能丧失。水泥环本体失效均以拉伸破坏为主，包括径向裂纹和周向裂纹；径向开裂，周向裂纹以及界面脱离使得水泥环完整性（本位完整性、密封完整性以及力学完整性）失效，水泥环产生连通的微裂缝、微环隙，造成水泥环变形、损伤、泄露，套管成为自由段，引发严重的环空带压、井口抬升等安全问题。
- 热循环 /
- 界面力学性能 /
- 胶结强度 /
- 生产套管-水泥环-技术套管组合体
Abstract: The failure of cement sheath integrity caused by temperature fluctuations and continuous changes in the wellbore and cyclic loading and unloading in periodic steam stimulation of heavy oil thermal recovery wells will threaten the integrity of the wellbore, lead to frequent safety issues such as wellhead movement. A method for evaluating the bonding strength of cement sheath under high-temperature thermal cycling environment was proposed in this paper to clarify the failure mechanism of cement sheath integrity and the degradation law of interface bonding strength under high-temperature thermal cycling, and to avoid the failure of the interface bonding between the casing and the cement sheath during steam stimulation. A proprietary testing device for the bonding strength of cement sheath that integrates pouring, curing, heating, and testing was independently developed. The interface integrity and mechanical integrity of the "production casing-cement sheath-technical casing" system under thermal cycling were tested and evaluated. Experimental results on the integrity and interfacial bonding performance of cement sheath under thermal cycles at three different temperatures (30 ℃↗150 ℃↘30 ℃, 30 ℃↗200 ℃↘30 ℃, 30 ℃↗250 ℃↘30 ℃) obtained. The research results indicate: the ultra-high temperature thermal cycling has a significant negative impact on the mechanical and interfacial integrity of the cement sheath. With the increase of temperature and thermal cycle times, the shear strength of cement sheath interface decreases sharply, and the integrity failure degree of cement sheath body also increases. The cement sheath interface debonds after 7^th thermal cycle of 150 ℃, 5^th thermal cycle of 200 ℃, 1st thermal cycle of 250 ℃, respectively. The interaction between casing and cement sheath completely disappear (the shearing force, chemical bonding force, friction, shearing strength is all equal to 0) after 13^th thermal cycle of 150 ℃, 9^th thermal cycle of 200 ℃, 7^th thermal cycle of 250 ℃, respectively. The body failure includes radial cracking and circumferential cracking. Radial cracking, circumferential cracking, and interface debond cause the failure of the cement sheath integrity, sealing integrity, and interface integrity. Micro cracks and micro gaps will generate which cause deformation, damage, and leakage of cement sheath. The casing becomes a free section, causing safety issues such as annular pressure and wellhead movement.
- Thermal cycling /
- Interface mechanical properties /
- Bond strength /
- Production casing -cement sheath- technical casing combination

HTML全文

图 1 热循环下水泥环完整性测试系统图

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图 2 水泥环养护及测试制度

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图 3 不同热循环作用后水泥环位移-载荷曲线

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图 4 不同热循环作用后水泥环界面力学性能变化规律

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图 5 250 ℃热循环下水泥环形貌损伤

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表 1 生产套管-水泥环-技术套管参数表

名称	外径/mm	壁厚/mm	钢级	弹性模量/GPa	泊松比	热膨胀系数/℃⁻¹	抗压强度/MPa
生产套管	73.02	5.51	P110	210.0	0.300	12×10⁻⁶
水泥环	97.18	16.36		5.6	0.153	8×10⁻⁶	10.3
技术套管	114.30	8.56	P110	210.0	0.300	12×10⁻⁶

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表 2 交变温度下剪切力测试结果

热循环次数	剪切力/N			化学胶结力/N			摩擦力/N			剪切胶结强度/MPa
热循环次数	150 ℃	200 ℃	250 ℃	150 ℃	200 ℃	250 ℃	150 ℃	200 ℃	250 ℃	150 ℃	200 ℃	250 ℃
0	44 096	44 096	44 096	6446	6446	6446	37 620	37 620	37 620	0.481	0.481	0.481
1	29 985	26 457	2204	4850	4316	364	25 135	22 141	1840	0.327	0.288	0.024
3	22 048	17 638	1102	3560	2869	177	18 488	14 769	925	0.240	0.192	0.012
5	14 110	8819	617	2282	1408	101	11 828	7411	516	0.154	0.096	0.006
7	7055	2645	0	1121	425	0	5934	2220	0	0.077	0.029	0
9	4850	0	0	773	0	0	4077	0	0	0.053	0	0
13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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