Research on Cementing and Loss Prevention Drilling Fluid Technology During Drilling in the Sea Basin
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摘要: 分析了我国海上某盆地地质特征和历史井漏情况，明确了该盆地钻井防漏堵漏难点：地层裂缝发育且存在微米级至毫米级的多尺度裂缝，甚至裂缝和孔、洞并存，导致堵漏材料选配难、一次堵漏成功率低；地层发育大段风化壳、部分地层破碎严重、钻井中裂缝极易二次发育等，导致恶性漏失甚至失返性漏失等复杂情况。针对上述难点，以聚乙烯醇、聚丙烯酸以及含邻苯二酚结构的有机物为原料，合成了一种胶结型堵漏剂BFD-1。实验结果表明，人造疏松岩心在加有4% BFD-1的水溶液中浸泡后，岩心抗压强度提高率达19.34%。以BFD-1为核心，复配现场常用堵漏材料，构建了适用于不同尺寸范围漏失通道的防漏堵漏钻井液体系，具良好的防漏堵漏性、胶结性，并可有效阻止压力传递。研究成果可为该地区钻井井漏防治提供有力技术支撑。Abstract: This paper analyzes the geological features and drilling fluid loss situations in the China's Sea Basin, identifying the challenges in leak prevention and plugging technology in this area. These include prevalent formation fractures with micro to millimeter-scale multi-scale cracks, and even the coexistence of fractures and cavities, which pose difficulties in choosing appropriate plugging materials and lead to a low success rate for first-time plugging. Moreover, there are extensive sections of weathered crust in the formation, coupled with highly developed fractures and severe fragmentation in some strata, resulting in secondary development of fractures, critical fluid loss or even non-return fluid loss. In response to these challenges, this paper synthesizes a type of gelation plugging agent, BFD-1, using polyvinyl alcohol, polypropylene acid, and organics with hydroquinone structures as raw materials. Experimental results show that the compressive strength of the artificial loose rock core increased by 19.34% after being soaked in 4% BFD-1 aqueous solution. Based on BFD-1, field plugging materials were combined to create drilling fluid systems for leak prevention and plugging for lost channels with different size. The drilling fluid exhibits excellent circulation-lost-control and cementing capabilities, and effectively prevents pressure transmission. The research results provide support for the subsequent lost-circulation control technology in this area.
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Key words:
- Cementing /
- Leak Prevention and Plugging /
- Water-Based Drilling Fluid /
- Plugging Agent
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表 1 目标盆地钻井井漏情况及堵漏工艺总结
井号 漏失层位 漏失深度/m 漏失速度/（m3·s−1） 漏失类型 漏失原因 堵漏工艺 东X井 幕府 6022.00 10.80 渗漏、裂缝性漏失 灰质白云岩裂缝发育 静止堵漏 山组 灯影组 6128.44 15.90 渗漏、裂缝性漏失 灯影组裂缝发育，
且顶部发育风化壳静止堵漏 CZ-X井 灯影组 6129.47 9.04 渗漏、裂缝性漏失 浅灰色白云岩发育溶蚀
孔洞和裂缝静止堵漏 青龙组 1189.74 6～40 渗漏-恶性漏失、裂缝性漏失 三叠系青龙组顶部风化壳
发育、裂缝尺度大静止堵漏+
挤注水泥青龙组 1326.89 钻具放空 失返恶性漏失恶性漏失、溶洞性漏失 发育溶洞 海水强钻 
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表 2 人造疏松岩心在不同测试液高温 （150 ℃）浸泡后的单轴抗压强度
岩心 浸泡介质 单轴抗压强度/MPa 平均值/MPa 1# 清水 1.75 1.81 2# 清水 1.86 1# 4% BFD-1溶液 2.13 2.16 2# 4% BFD-1溶液 2.19
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表 3 不同防漏堵漏钻井液在不同尺寸缝板下的承压以及累计漏失量
缝板尺寸及
类型堵漏
体系在不同压力（MPa)下的累计漏失量/mL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 mm
梯形缝板6# 12 15 19 19 20 21 21 21 7# 9 11 15 17 18 18 18 18 1 mm
直角缝板6# 23 27 30 35 37 39 40 40 7# 21 26 29 31 35 36 37 38 3 mm
梯形缝板6# 132 159 176 193 205 211 219 222 7# 83 105 111 121 129 135 147 150 3 mm
直角缝板6# 258 360 450 全漏 7# 190 218 235 256 264 268 269 270
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表 4 防漏堵漏钻井液选配对策
漏失通道尺寸 堵漏材料配方 使用方案 小于521.3 μm 1%BFD-1+1.5%SZDL+1.5%SEAL+
1.5%BLN1+2%果壳+2%云母片从混合漏斗处加入一定比例的复合堵漏剂 521 μm～1 mm 1% BFD-1+2%SZDL+2%SEAL+2%BLN1+
2%果壳+2%云母片从混合漏斗处加入一定比例的复合堵漏剂 1～3 mm 1.5%BFD-1+2.5%SZDL+3%SEAL+2%BLN1+
2%BLN2+2%BLN3+3%果壳+5%云母片+5%蛭石从混合漏斗处加入一定比例的复合堵漏剂后，
适当停钻以待胶结固化充分
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