Microscopic Behavior Analysis of Core Components of Water-based Drilling Fluid at High Temperature
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摘要: 水基钻井液在高温下性能调控难度大，主要与核心胶体粒子的分散状态有关，而水基钻井液成分复杂，单一组分与多组分间受高温作用性能变化规律不同，对胶体粒子的分散状态均有影响。针对水基钻井液核心组分，通过高温高压流变性测试获得了膨润土胶体剪切应力-温度曲线，并测试了不同温度下胶体颗粒粒度分布，分析了黏土矿物胶体粒子在室温～220 ℃范围内的分散、絮凝与聚结状态及形成机制，同时利用SEM测试和黏土矿物晶层结构分析，从微观角度揭示了富含镁多孔纤维状黏土矿物胶体的高温稳定机理，此外，基于对高温热滚前后流变性和滤失量等性能变化的分析，从黏土矿物结构特征和聚合物断链、吸附特性等角度揭示膨润土/复配黏土矿物与聚合物类处理剂在高温下的互相作用机理，结合实验结果，明确了低浓度膨润土与海泡石复配胶体具有明显的高温稳定优势，为超高温水基钻井液的构建提供了理论支撑。Abstract: The key to the stable performance of water-based drilling fluid at high temperature is related to the dispersion state of core colloidal particles, but the influence of the dispersion state of colloidal particles is very complicated. For the core components of water-based drilling fluid, the shear stress-strain temperature curve of bentonite colloid was obtained through high-temperature and high-pressure rheological testing, and the particle size distribution of colloidal particles was tested after different temperature effects. The dispersion, flocculation, and aggregation states and formation mechanisms of clay mineral colloidal particles were analyzed within the temperature range of room temperature to 220 ℃. In addition, the high temperature stability mechanism of porous fibrous clay mineral colloid rich in magnesium was revealed from a microscopic perspective by means of SEM test and clay mineral layer structure analysis. At the same time, based on a comprehensive analysis of the changes in rheological properties and filtration loss before and after high-temperature hot rolling, the interaction mechanism between bentonite/composite clay minerals and polymer based treatment agents at high temperatures is revealed from the perspectives of clay mineral structure characteristics, polymer chain breakage, adsorption characteristics, etc. Combined with experimental results, it is clear that low concentration bentonite/sepiolite composite colloids have significant high-temperature stability advantages, which provides theoretical support for the construction of ultra-high temperature water-based drilling fluid.
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Key words:
- High temperature /
- Water-based drilling fluid /
- Micro-analysis /
- Clay colloid /
- Dispersed state
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表 1 膨润土、海泡石和凹凸棒土晶体结构特征
造浆土 分子式 晶层结构 沸石状孔道 膨润土 Nax(H2O)4(OH)2
(AI2-xMg0.83)Si4O102∶1层硅铝酸盐 无 海泡石 (OH2)4[OH]4
Mg8[Si12030]·8H202∶1层状硅酸盐 3.8Å×9.8Å～
5.6Å×11.0Å凹凸棒土 (OH2)4(OH)2
Mg5Si8O20·4H2O2∶1层状硅酸盐 3.7Å×6.4Å 
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