Drilling Fluid Technology for Plugging and Strengthening the Borehole Wall of Wells Penetrating the Faulted Fractured Reservoirs in West Sichuan
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摘要: 为解决川西断缝体破碎性地层钻进过程中卡钻频发、成井难度大等技术难题，分析了该地层地质特征，实验研究了其井壁失稳机理。结果表明，川西断缝体破碎性地层岩石破碎、胶结程度弱，微裂隙发育，流体侵入后微裂缝扩展，损害岩石完整性及力学性能，改变井壁岩石有效应力状态，导致井壁垮塌。在此基础上，基于“封堵+固壁”技术对策，研制了抗高温化学固壁剂，优选了高效封堵剂，构建了断缝体地层封堵固壁井壁稳定钻井液体系，提升了钻井液的封堵固壁能力。该钻井液在M6等井进行了成功应用，维持了断缝体破碎性地层的井壁稳定性，具有良好的应用前景。Abstract: Drilling the broken formations in the faulted fractured reservoirs in west Sichuan has been encountered with frequent drill pipe sticking and a well is very difficult to be drilled in accordance with the designed parameters. Geological characteristics analyses and laboratory evaluation results have shown that the rocks in the faulted fractured broken formations are weakly bonded and are developed with microfractures. When a liquid invades into the microfractures, the microfractures extend and the integrity and mechanical property of the rocks are damaged, which in turn changes the status of the effective stresses of the rocks around the borehole and results in borehole collapse. Based on this conclusion, a high temperature chemical borehole wall strengthening agent was developed and a high efficiency plugging agent selected to formulate a drilling fluid with the capacity of plugging and strengthening the borehole walls in the faulted and fractured formations. This drilling fluid, with an enhanced plugging and strengthening capacity, has been successfully used in drilling several wells, including the well M6, and the walls of the borehole penetrating the broken faulted fractured formations were maintained stable during drilling. This drilling fluid will have a good application prospect.
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Key words:
- Faulted fractured formation /
- Broken formation /
- Plugging /
- Borehole wall strengthening /
- Drilling fluid
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表 1 岩样经固壁剂作用后的力学性能
样品 测试
条件围压/
MPa强度/
MPa内摩擦角/
（°）黏聚力/
MPa清水 20 115.233 24.042 22.186 30 141.547 40 162.679 SMHB-1 160 ℃、16 h 20 157.763 26.338 33.556 160 ℃、16 h 30 190.599 160 ℃、16 h 40 209.590 
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表 2 在水基钻井液中加入不同可变形封堵剂的性能
封堵剂 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaFLHTHP/
mL0 41.0 31 10.0 13.6 2%FF-Ⅲ 43.0 33 10.0 10.8 2%SMShield-2 41.5 32 9.5 9.2 2%SMShield-2+2%FF-Ⅲ 44.0 34 10.0 8.0 注：FLHTHP在160 ℃、3.5 MPa下测定。
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表 3 封堵固壁钻井液体系性能
ρ/
g·cm−3AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL1.25 41.5 29 12.5 2/5 2.6 7.6 1.50 45.0 32 13.0 3/10 2.4 7.2 1.75 54.0 38 16.0 2/10 2.0 7.0 1.90 69.0 48 21.0 4/12 2.0 6.8 2.20 81.0 59 22.0 6/18 2.2 7.0 注：FLHTHP在160 ℃、3.5 MPa下测定。
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