A New Technology for Evaluating Job Quality of Well Cementing Based on Ultrasonic Lamb Wave and Its Application
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摘要: 为了解决传统的CBL/VDL声波测井、扇区水泥胶结测井以及超声脉冲回波测井均不能准确评价轻质水泥固井质量的难题，提高低密度轻质水泥固井质量评价的准确性，基于超声“脉冲-回波”检测原理，研制超声Lamb波固井质量评价测井仪，建立弯曲型Lamb波衰减率、垂直回波共振效率与套管外介质声阻抗之间的关系模型，构建固液气三相介质评价图版，结合轻质水泥刻度井测试，建立了基于超声Lamb波的固井质量评价新方法。该方法可有效评价低密度轻质水泥固井质量和检测确定水泥返高位置，解决了轻质水泥固井质量评价难题。应用表明，该技术为低密度轻质水泥固井质量检测与评价提供了新思路，同时超声Lamb波固井质量评价测井仪还可以实现套管居中度和套损检测评价，可为固井质量评价和井筒完整性检测提供依据，应用前景广阔。Abstract: The conventional CBL/VDL sonic log, sector bond log and ultrasonic pulse echo log all are unable to be used to accurately evaluate the quality of well cementing with light-weight cement slurries. To deal with this problem and improve the accuracy of evaluating the quality of well cementing with light-weight cement slurries, an ultrasonic Lamb wave well logging instrument for cementing job quality evaluation was developed based on ultrasonic “pulse-echo” detection mechanism. A model was established describing the relationship among the bending Lamb wave attenuation rate, the vertical echo resonance efficiency and the sonic impedance of medium outside casing. A chart was developed to evaluate the solid-liquid-gas three phase media. With the model and the chart, a new method for evaluating the quality of well cementing based on ultrasonic Lamb wave was developed in connection with light-weight calibration well logs. This new method can be used to effectively evaluate the quality of well cementing with light-weight cement slurries and detect the height of the cement return, thus having solved the difficulties encountered with the light-weight slurries. This technology has provided a clue for examining and evaluating the quality of well cementing with light-weight cement slurries. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic Lamb wave well cementing job quality log instrument can also be used to evaluate the casing eccentricity and casing wear, the results of which can be used as a basis for evaluating the quality of well cementing and the integrity of the wellbore. This new technology will have a broad application prospect.
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Key words:
- Well cementing quality /
- Evaluation /
- Ultrasonic Lamb wave /
- Imaging log /
- Light-weight cement slurry /
- Bohai oilfield
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表 1 不同介质和声阻抗条件下的垂直回波共振效率测试结果
介质 Zout/
MRayls不同套管内介质声阻抗Zin下垂直回波共振效率 1.0
MRayls1.5
MRayls1.8
MRayls2.0
MRayls气体 0 16.40 18.96 21.40 23.30 液体 1 13.12 15.72 17.63 19.25 1.5 11.70 14.26 15.94 17.00 1.8 11.00 13.44 15.00 16.43 2.7 9.40 11.22 12.45 13.70 4 7.30 8.64 9.54 10.59 5 6.10 7.17 7.92 8.87 固体 6 5.20 6.00 6.70 7.40 7 4.30 5.11 5.60 6.20 8 3.60 4.40 4.80 5.20 注：采用4#探头进行测试实验。 
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