Development of Ultra-high Temperature Polymer Brush Lubricant for Water Based Drilling Fluids
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摘要: 深部复杂地层油气钻探过程中，为了满足钻井液抗高温、抗盐的技术要求，以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸羟乙酯为主要原料，偶氮二异丁腈作为引发剂，制备了一种水基钻井液用聚合物刷润滑剂HLM。通过傅里叶红外光谱、核磁共振、热重分析和凝胶色谱分析对产物进行了表征。然后评价了HLM与钻井液的配伍性以及高温、高盐、高密度条件下的润滑性能，利用多功能材料表面性能测试仪和四球摩擦实验仪进一步分析了润滑性。实验结果表明，HLM的热稳定性较好，重均分子质量为3494；HLM在室温下与基浆配伍性良好，对流变性基本没影响，抗温可达260 ℃；加量2%时，常温下润滑系数降低率达91.16%， 260 ℃老化后润滑系数降低率达88.24%；在饱和盐水基浆中润滑系数降低率为75.69%，在高密度基浆中润滑系数降低率大于40%。表面摩擦实验进一步证明了HLM可以大幅度降低金属-金属间的摩擦力，四球摩擦实验证明了HLM可在金属表面形成稳定的润滑膜。由于HLM具有多个吸附位点且吸附能力强，在高温、高盐条件下吸附膜仍具有一定的强度，因此赋予HLM良好的润滑性能。可为深层超深层钻井液体系的构建提供技术借鉴。Abstract: During oil and gas drilling in deep complex formations, the technical requirements of high temperature and salt-resistance of drilling fluid should be met. In this paper, a polymer brush lubricant (HLM) for water-based drilling fluids was prepared using methyl methacrylate, lauryl acrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate as the main raw materials and 2-methylpropionitrile as the initiator. The HLM was characterized by means of Fourier infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and gel chromatography. The compatibility of HLM with drilling fluids and the lubricity performance of HLM under high temperature, high salt and high density conditions were evaluated. The lubricity was further analyzed using a multifunctional material surface performance tester and a four-ball friction tester. The experimental results showed that HLM had a good thermal stability with a weight average molecular mass of 3494. HLM had good compatibility with the bentonite-based mud at room temperature and had essentially no effect on rheology. The temperature resistance can reach 260 ℃.When concentration of HLM was 2%, the lubrication coefficient reduction rates were 91.16% under room temperature, 88.24% after ageing at 260 ℃, 75.69% for the saturated salt-based mud, and larger than 40% in the high-density drilling mud. The multifunctional material surface performance experiment further demonstrated that HLM could substantially reduce metal-to-metal friction. The four-ball friction experiment demonstrated that HLM could form a stable lubricating film on metal surfaces. Since HLM had multiple adsorption sites and strong adsorption capacity, the adsorption film still had high strength under high temperature and high salt conditions, giving HLM good lubricating properties. This paper can provide technical reference for the construction of drilling fluids for deep/ultra-deep formations.
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Key words:
- Water-based drilling fluid /
- Polymer brush /
- Lubricant /
- High temperature /
- High salt
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表 2 HLM对基浆润滑系数的影响
HLM/% 摩擦阻力 润滑系数 润滑系数降低率/% 0 63.3 0.5913 0.5 9.1 0.0850 85.61 1.0 7.9 0.0738 87.52 1.5 7.6 0.0710 87.99 2.0 5.6 0.0523 91.16 注：水的摩擦阻力为36.4 ，校正系数为0.9341。 
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表 3 高温条件下HLM对基浆润滑性能的影响
T/
℃润滑剂/
%摩擦阻力 润滑系数 润滑系数
降低率/%180 0 61.1 0.6039 1 9.2 0.0909 84.95 2 8.2 0.0813 86.54 200 0 60.1 0.5941 1 5.3 0.0521 91.23 2 4.1 0.0403 93.21 220 0 59.3 0.5857 1 5.7 0.0564 90.37 2 5.2 0.0517 91.17 240 0 58.0 0.5732 1 6.3 0.0625 89.26 2 5.7 0.0567 89.97 260 0 57.1 0.5645 1 7.7 0.0762 86.50 2 6.7 0.0664 88.24 注：水的摩擦阻力为34.4 ，校正系数为0.9884。
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表 4 加盐条件下HLM对基浆润滑性能的影响
NaCl/
%润滑剂/
%摩擦阻力 润滑系数 润滑系数
降低率/%5 0 64.8 0.6120 1 27.5 0.2597 57.57 2 21.3 0.2012 67.12 10 0 40.7 0.3844 1 21.6 0.2040 46.93 2 18.8 0.1775 53.82 15 0 38.4 0.3626 1 22.3 0.2106 41.92 2 18.2 0.1720 52.48 20 0 41.1 0.3881 1 22.6 0.2134 45.61 2 18.6 0.1757 54.73 25 0 39.6 0.3740 1 25.3 0.2389 36.12 2 18.7 0.1766 52.78 30 0 42.7 0.4033 1 24.5 0.2310 42.72 2 13.3 0.1256 68.86 35 0 43.2 0.4080 1 22.2 0.2097 48.60 2 10.5 0.0992 75.69 注：水的摩擦阻力为36.0 ，校正系数为0.9444。
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表 5 HLM对高密度浆润滑性能的影响
HLM/% 摩擦阻力 润滑系数 润滑系数降低率/% 0 25.3 0.2501 1 14.3 0.1413 43.50 2 13.5 0.1334 46.66 3 12.5 0.1236 50.58 注：水的摩擦阻力为34.4 ，校正系数为 0.9884。
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