Liner Cementing through Precise Pressure Control in the Ultra-Deep Well Tian-X Located at the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin
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摘要: 天X井是准噶尔盆地南缘冲断带霍玛吐背斜带安集海背斜的一口集团公司风险探井。该井六开Ф139.7 mm尾管固井地层高低压并存、裸眼段长、环空间隙小，同时目的层砂岩段孔隙发育地层油气活跃，钻进期间多次发生漏失，地层压力窗口仅有0.02 g/cm3，井筒压力无法动态平衡，容易出现下套管及固井期间溢流、井漏等复杂情况，固井质量无法保障。为了解决该井固井施工难题，尝试实践了精细控压固井技术，通过与精细控压装备配合，进行下套管、固井各阶段井口压力控制，保证漏点、溢点在安全密度窗口范围内，实现井筒内压力平衡的目的。该井固井采取精细控压一次上返的尾管固井工艺，制定针对性的固井技术措施，最终顺利完成了天X井固井施工，经IBC测井解释，封固段合格率为100%，降密度后喇叭口正常不窜气。该技术为南缘区块窄密度窗口井固井施工提供了宝贵的经验及借鉴意义。Abstract: The well Tian-X is an exploratory well located at the Anjihai anticline (an anticline in the Huomatu anticline zone) in the south edge thrust belt in the Junggar Basin. The 6th interval (Ф139.7 mm) penetrates a long open hole section of the well with coexistence of high and low pressure zones and narrow annular clearance, and the sandstone reservoir is developed with abundant pores and has active oil and gas. The safe drilling window in this interval is only 0.02 g/cm3, and mud losses have frequently happened during drilling. Narrow safe drilling window also causes difficulties in dynamically balancing the formation pressures and problems such as well kick and mud losses during casing running are quite prone to happen, resulting in poor cementing quality. To solve these problems, precise pressure management during casing running has been performed. Using the precise pressure management equipment, pressures at the wellhead during casing running and well cementing can be precisely controlled an the pressures at the points of mud losses an points of well kicks along the borehole were controlled in the scope of the safe window, thereby realizing pressure balance inside the wellbore. In cementing the liner string, the wellhead pressure was precisely controlled and the cement slurry returned to the designed depth in one circulation, and the cementing techniques were designed specifically to suit for the wellbore conditions. The well cementing job was performed successfully. IBC well logging interpretation shows that the job quality of the cementing section is 100% qualified, no gas channeling occurred at the bell nipple when mud density was reduced. This technology has provided a precious experience and reference significance for cementing wells with narrow drilling windows at the south edge of the Junggar Basin.
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表 1 密度窗口上限确定过程
排量 /
L·s−1加回压/
MPa井底ECD/
g·cm−3钻井液消耗量
（20 min）/m313.1 0.19 2.295 0 13.1 0.80 2.303 0 13.1 1.00 2.306 0 13.1 1.40 2.311 0 13.1 1.60 2.313 1.6 
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表 2 下套管过程激动压力计算
下入深
度/mρ钻井液/
g·cm−3下放速
度/(m/s)下放时
间/s激动压
力/MPa控压值/
MPa井底ECD/
g·cm−31350 2.26+2.57 0.120 90 0.124 0 2.292 1800 2.26+2.57 0.190 150 0.290 0 2.289 4000 2.26+2.57 0.190 150 0.360 0.20 2.288 6800 2.26 0.118 240 0.290 2.00 2.300 8140 2.26 0.067 420 0.523 1.79 2.300
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表 3 天X井尾管精细控压固井施工情况
入井介质 ρ/
g·cm−3用量/
m3排量/
m3·min−1控压值/
MPa控压后ECD/(g·cm−3) 7938 m 7494 m 水泥车泵注前隔离液 2.20 20.0 0.78 0.3 2.290 2.285 停泵倒闸门 3.9 2.290 2.293 水泥车泵注领浆 2.26 17.2 0.78 0.3 2.290 2.285 水泥车泵注尾浆 2.26 6.0 0.78 0.3 2.290 2.285 停泵倒闸门、释放胶塞 3.9 2.290 2.293 水泥车泵注后隔离液 2.10 2.0 0.78 0.3 2.290 2.285 停泵倒闸门 3.9 2.290 2.293 泥浆泵替井浆 2.24 6.0 0.78 0.3 2.290 2.285 停泵倒闸门 3.9 2.290 2.293 水泥车泵注中心管保护液（注5 m3时
低密度钻井液返至7938 m气层）2.10 5.0 0.78 0.3 2.290 2.285 水泥车泵注中心管保护液 2.10 13.0 0.78 1.3 2.290 2.291 停泵倒闸门 4.7 2.290 2.294 泥浆泵替井浆 2.10 17.0 0.78 1.5 2.290 2.291 泥浆泵替井浆
（隔离液返至7938 m气层位置）2.24 2.0 0.78 2.0 2.290 2.288 泥浆泵替井浆 2.24 10.0 0.78 2.0 2.290 2.287 泥浆泵替井浆 2.24 8.0 0.78 2.0 2.290 2.288 泥浆泵替井浆
（水泥浆返至7938 m气层位置）2.24 2.6 0.78 1.5 2.290 2.281 泥浆泵替井浆 2.24 10.0 0.78 1.0 2.290 2.275 泥浆泵替井浆 2.24 8.0 0.36 1.9 2.290 2.281
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