Control Measures of Cement High-temperature Deterioration Performance under Dry-hot Rock Conditions
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摘要: 干热岩地热井固井中，井底温度常常高达200 ℃以上。针对干热岩工况下井底高温导致的水泥石强度衰退的问题，从水泥的化学组分入手，通过调控C3S和C2S的比例，并在硅粉的协同作用下复配具有更低钙硅比的低热硅酸盐水泥来改善这一问题。首先对复相C3S-C2S矿物体系的比例调控可知，当C3S∶C2S=1.0时其力学性能最好，结合XRD、TGA、SEM测试可知，钙硅比的降低对有利相硬硅钙石的生成有积极作用。引入具有更低钙硅比的低热水泥增强G级水泥，结果表明：“30% G级水泥+70%低热水泥”复配水泥体系（C3S与C2S的比例为1.07）在40%硅粉的作用下，其抗压强度达27.34 MPa。在实际生产中适当调整水泥中的矿物组分，使C3S与C2S的比例为1.0左右，可从水泥本身大幅度提高水泥石耐高温性能。Abstract: When cementing geothermal wells in dry hot rocks, the bottom temperature is often as high as above 200 ℃. Aiming at the problem of strength decline of cement paste caused by high temperature at the bottom of the well under dry-hot rock conditions, this paper directly starts from the chemical composition of cement, and improves this problem by adjusting the ratio of C3S and C2S, and compounding low-heat portland cement with lower calcium-silicon ratio under the synergistic effect of silicon powder. Firstly, the mechanical properties of multiphase C3S-C2S mineral system are the best when C3S∶C2S=1.0. Combined with XRD, TGA and SEM tests, it is known that the reduction of calcium-silicon ratio has a positive effect on the formation of favorable phase xonotlite. Low-grade cement with lower calcium-silicon ratio is introduced to strengthen G-grade cement. The results show that the compressive strength of "30% G-grade +70% low-grade cement" composite cement system (the ratio of C3S to C2S is 1.07) is 27.34 MPa under the action of 40% silicon powder. The high temperature resistance of cement paste can be greatly improved from the cement itself by properly adjusting the mineral composition in cement to make the ratio of C3S to C2S about 1.0.
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Key words:
- Dry hot rock /
- Well cementing /
- Oil well cement /
- low-heat cement /
- High temperature strength decay
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表 1 不同比例的复相C3S-C2S矿物体系配方设计
试样 C3S-C2S矿物体系
（C3S∶C2S）硅粉/
%水/
%相对
钙硅比A 100%（56∶28） 0 66 2.60 B 100%（49∶35） 0 66 2.51 C 100%（42∶42） 0 66 2.43 D 100%（34∶50） 0 66 2.34 E 100%（56∶28） 40 92.4 1.10 F 100%（49∶35） 40 92.4 1.07 G 100%（42∶42） 40 92.4 1.05 H 100%（34∶50） 40 92.4 1.03 注：硅粉和水的加量为C3S-C2S矿物体系混合物的重量百分比。 
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表 2 复相试样水化产物含量（%）
试样 钙硅比 针硅钙石 佳羟硅钙石 莱拉粒硅钙石 硬硅钙石 A 2.60 22.60 41.26 36.14 B 2.51 17.99 38.36 43.61 C 2.43 16.34 35.35 48.31 D 2.34 13.21 30.53 56.28 E 1.10 23.86 76.14 F 1.07 21.08 78.92 G 1.05 18.66 81.34 H 1.03 16.72 83.27
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表 3 复配水泥浆体系配方
水泥浆 水泥/% 硅粉/
%悬浮剂/
%降失水剂/
%分散剂/
%水/
%G级 低热 1#：100%G级油井水泥体系 100 25 1.8 1.5 0.4 54 100 30 1.8 1.5 0.4 56 100 35 1.8 1.5 0.4 57 100 40 1.8 1.5 0.4 59 2#：90%G级+10%
低热水泥体系90 10 25 1.8 1.5 0.4 54 90 10 30 1.8 1.5 0.4 56 90 10 35 1.8 1.5 0.4 57 90 10 40 1.8 1.5 0.4 59 3#：70%G级+30%
低热水泥体系70 30 25 1.8 1.5 0.4 54 70 30 30 1.8 1.5 0.4 56 70 30 35 1.8 1.5 0.4 57 70 30 40 1.8 1.5 0.4 59 4#：50%G级+50%
低热水泥体系50 50 25 1.8 1.5 0.4 54 50 50 30 1.8 1.5 0.4 56 50 50 35 1.8 1.5 0.4 57 50 50 40 1.8 1.5 0.4 59 5#：30%G级+70%
低热水泥体系30 70 25 1.8 1.5 0.4 54 30 70 30 1.8 1.5 0.4 56 30 70 35 1.8 1.5 0.4 57 30 70 40 1.8 1.5 0.4 59 6#：10%G级+90%
低热水泥体系10 90 25 1.8 1.5 0.4 54 10 90 30 1.8 1.5 0.4 56 10 90 35 1.8 1.5 0.4 57 10 90 40 1.8 1.5 0.4 59 注：G级油井水泥和低热硅酸盐水泥共同构成100%水泥，硅粉、悬浮剂、降失水剂、分散剂和水的用量为水泥总重量的百分比。
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表 4 复配水泥主要化学组成及矿物组成
水泥浆 化学组成/% 矿物组成/% SiO2 CaO Al2O3 Fe2O3 MgO SO3 K2O Na2O Loss C3S C2S C3A C4AF 1# 22.13 63.89 2.54 5.05 1.64 2.14 0.51 0.12 1.87 54.42 22.48 2.00 15.12 2# 22.29 63.74 2.70 5.07 1.62 2.14 0.51 0.12 1.87 52.22 24.49 2.01 15.21 3# 22.60 63.43 3.02 5.12 1.57 2.13 0.52 0.12 1.86 47.81 28.50 2.02 15.39 4# 22.92 63.13 3.34 5.16 1.52 2.12 0.52 0.13 1.86 43.40 32.51 2.03 15.57 5# 23.23 62.82 3.65 5.20 1.47 2.11 0.52 0.13 1.86 38.99 36.52 2.04 15.74 6# 23.54 62.51 3.97 5.25 1.42 2.10 0.53 0.13 1.85 34.58 40.53 2.05 15.92
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