The Use of a High Performance Water Based Drilling Fluid in Drilling the 5000 m Horizontal Section of a Shale Oil Well in Changqing
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摘要: 长庆页岩油井区在2019年完成亚洲陆上首口4000 m级水平段水平井的基础上，2021年施工完成了5000 m级水平段水平井，该井采用了水基钻井液技术进行施工。超长水平段水平井的关键问题是钻井液润滑性和井眼清洁，为了较好地解决这两个技术难题，以天然材料为骨架，通过基团接枝、发酵等方式进行改性，自主研发了高性能提切剂TQ-8和高效润滑剂HTZ，并以这2种处理剂为核心研制了5000 m水平段高性能水基钻井液体系。体系的主剂配方为（4%～6%）高效润滑剂HTZ+（0.5%～2%）高性能提切剂TQ-8+（0.5%～2%）泥岩抑制剂YYZ-1+（1%～2%）PAC-LV+（1%～2%）BLA-LV+（3%～4%）成膜封堵剂FDJ-1+（20%～80%）可溶性加重剂+烧碱，该体系在井眼清洁、润滑性和抗污染等方面，均比4000 m水平段水基钻井液性能更优。该技术在长庆页岩油华H90-3井进行了试验应用，下套管前的钻具摩阻为400 kN，下完套管后钩载余17 t，具备将水平段长度进一步延长的能力。Abstract: In 2019, Changqing oilfield has drilled a well with horizontal section of 4,000 m in length, the first long horizontal section well in Asia. In 2021, a well with horizontal section of 5,000 m was drilled in Changqing with water based drilling fluids. The key issues in drilling the ultra-long horizontal section wells are the lubricity of the drilling fluids and hole cleaning. To deal with these two issues, a high performance gel strength additive TQ-8 and a high efficiency drilling lubricant HTZ were developed with natural materials as the basic materials, and group grafting and fermenting were used in the synthesis process. Using these two additives, a drilling fluid suitable for 5,000 m horizontal section well drilling was formulated. The composition of the drilling fluid is as follows:(4%-6%)HTZ + (0.5%-2%)TQ-8 + (0.5%-2%)mudstone inhibitor YYZ-1 + (1%-2% )PAC-LV + (1%-2%)BLA-LV + (3%-4%)filming plugging agent FDJ-1 + (20%-80%) soluble weighting agent + caustic soda. It was found in field application that the hole cleaning, lubricity and contamination resistance of this drilling fluid were all better than the drilling fluid used in drilling the well with 4,000 m horizontal section. This drilling fluid technology has been used on the shale oil well Hua-H90-3 in Changqing. Friction experienced in the tripping of the drill string before casing running was 400 kN, and the remaining hook load after casing running was 17 tons, meaning that this drilling fluid has the potential of drilling wells with longer horizontal sections.
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表 1 华H90-3井周边井目的层黏土成分分析
井号 伊利石/
%伊蒙混层/
%高岭石/
%绿泥石/
%黏土成分
总含量/%华H90-2井 38.6 21.6 7.2 13.4 80.8 华H90-4井 31.2 24.3 11.6 5.9 73.0 华H90-5井 34.2 10.8 6.8 18.5 70.3 
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表 2 高性能提切剂TQ-8与常规提切剂XCD性能对比
提切剂 AV/
mPa·sYP/
PaYP/PV/
Pa/mPa·sTQ-8 27 13 0.93 XCD 27 10 0.59 注：实验配方：0.2%烧碱+3%降滤失剂+1.5%泥岩抑制剂+0.1%提切剂；实验条件：120 ℃、16 h。
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表 3 高效润滑剂HTZ与现场润滑剂的性能对比
t老化/h 极压润滑系数 HTZ 现场润滑剂 24 0.0524 0.0847 48 0.0362 0.0573 72 0.0396 0.0613 96 0.0424 0.0642 注：实验配方：0.2%烧碱+3%降滤失剂+1.5%泥岩抑制剂+2%润滑剂；老化温度为120 ℃。
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表 4 高性能水基钻井液用泥岩抑制剂的优选
抑制剂 岩屑滚动回收率/% 泥岩膨胀降低率/
%一次 二次 YYZ-1 79.23 63.28 76.21 对比产品1 81.57 54.86 67.38 对比产品2 75.94 58.23 73.19 对比产品3 84.71 46.72 77.95 注：实验配方：4%评价土+0.2%烧碱+1%泥岩抑制剂；实验条件：120 ℃、24 h。
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表 6 4000 m/5000 m超长水平段钻井液性能对比
配方 井深/m AV/mPa·s PV/mPa·s YP/Pa YP/PV/（Pa/mPa·s） φ6 透水量/mL 极压润滑系数 岩屑二次滚动回收率/% 2# 4000 52 34 18 0.53 7 1.9 0.058 73.12 1# 5000 52 29 23 0.79 11 1.7 0.053 82.21
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表 7 5000 m水平段高性能水基钻井液抗污染能力评价
污染条件 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
Paφ6 FL/
mL空白 48.0 28 20.0 8.0 2.5 5%原矿土 49.5 27 22.5 8.0 2.5 5%延长钻屑 51.0 30 21.0 8.0 2.7 10%延长钻屑 50.0 29 21.0 8.0 2.8 15%延长钻屑 50.0 29 21.0 8.0 2.8
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表 8 华H90-3井5000 m水平段高性能钻井液性能
井深/m 水平段长/m FV/s ρ/(g·cm−3) FLAPI/mL YP/Pa YP/PV/(Pa/mPa·s) φ6 透水量/mL 极压润滑系数 2379 1000 52 1.24 3.4 14 0.64 8 2.8 0.077 2479 2000 52 1.24 3.2 16 0.73 8 2.9 0.073 2579 3000 55 1.26 3.0 18 0.86 10 2.3 0.068 2679 4000 60 1.27 2.8 21 0.88 12 2.2 0.060 7339 5060 60 1.27 2.8 22 0.92 12 2.2 0.055
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