Study and Application on Risk Stratification of Wellbore Collapse For the Longmaxi Formation Shale in Zhaotong City
-
摘要: 昭通国家级页岩气示范区龙马溪储层灰岩分布不均，采用高密度油基钻井液钻井时坍塌、溢流、气侵等井下复杂事故频发。统计26口井的复杂工况发现，地质分层与井下工况发生层位的关联性较差。首先对地质分层和复杂事故的非关联性分析，总结为储层地质力学参数各向异性、纵向水平应力差异、井眼轨迹与地层倾角、岩性差异和弱面结构等因素。以安全钻进为主要目标，在工程角度提出井壁坍塌风险分层。相较传统地质分层不仅考虑岩性差异，井壁坍塌风险分层还综合了岩石弱面结构、地应力状态和钻进参数等综合指标。最后针对典型井复杂小层进行坍塌风险评价，进行安全钻井液密度窗口优化和优选井斜角和方位角。建议按安全钻井液密度窗口下限进行钻进，在高坍塌风险层提高钻井液的封堵性、降低井壁渗透率能够在很大程度上避免复杂事故发生。探索井壁坍塌风险分层能有效指导钻井工程作业，优化工程设计方案，为深部页岩储层长水平段安全钻井提供科学依据。Abstract: The national shale gas demonstration block was in Zhaotong city, where the distribution of limestone was uneven. These complex downhole accidents, such as collapse failure and cavernous leakage, sticking of bit, overflow, gas invasion, and leakage, were frequent when high-density oil-based drilling fluid was adopted. The correlation between geological stratification and underground working conditions was found to be poor according to the statistics of complex downhole conditions of 26 wells. This paper first analyzes the non-correlation between geological stratification and downhole complex accidents. And it summarizes the factors such as anisotropy of reservoir geomechanical parameters, a difference of longitudinal horizontal stress, borehole trajectory and formation dip, lithology difference and weak surface structure. Taking safe drilling as the main objective, the risk stratification of wellbore collapse is proposed from the engineering perspective. Compared with traditional geological stratification, it considers the lithological difference and integrates the rock's weak surface structure, in-situ stress state, drilling parameters and other comprehensive indicators. Finally, the collapse risk assessment is carried out for the complex small layers of a typical well, the safe mud density window is optimized, and the well deviation angle and azimuth angle are optimized. It is suggested to drill according to the lower limit of the safe mud density window. In the high collapse risk formation, improving the plugging property of drilling fluid and reducing the wall permeability can largely avoid complex accidents. Exploring risk stratification of wellbore collapse can effectively guide drilling engineering operations, optimize engineering design schemes, and provide a scientific basis for safe drilling in long horizontal stages of deep shale reservoirs to prevent complex downhole accidents.
-
表 1 阳A井龙一组4个小层地质分层与井壁坍塌风险分层对比
地质分层 顶深/
m底深/
m厚度/
m井壁坍塌
风险分层顶深/
m底深/
m厚度/
m岩性特点 孔隙压力
当量
密度/
g·cm−3坍塌压力
当量
密度/
g·cm−3破裂压力
当量
密度/
g·cm−3龙一14 2300.6 2306.60 6.00 安全层 2300.6 2305.0 4.40 方解石含量
存在波动1.60～1.70 <1.20 3.5 一般风险层 2305.0 2306.6 1.60 1.70～1.78 1.20～1.50 3.5 龙一13 2306.6 2315.20 8.60 高风险层 2306.6 2314.0 7.40 1.78～1.86 1.50～1.72 3.5 一般风险层 2314.0 2315.2 1.20 1.70～1.73 1.20～1.50 3.5 龙一12 2315.2 2323.40 8.20 安全层 2315.2 2315.8 0.60 1.68～1.73 0.90～1.20 3.5 一般风险层 2315.8 2318.0 2.20 1.64～1.68 1.20～1.32 3.5 安全层 2318.0 2322.4 4.40 1.65 1.20 3.5 一般风险层 2322.4 2323.4 1.00 1.64～1.69 1.20～1.37 3.5 龙一11 2323.4 2324.15 0.75 一般风险层 2323.4 2324.2 0.75 1.69～1.72 1.20～1.37 3.5 龙一14 2300.6 2306.60 6.00 安全层 2300.6 2305.0 4.40 1.60～1.70 <1.20 3.5 一般风险层 2305.0 2306.6 1.60 1.70～1.78 1.20～1.50 3.5 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 井壁坍塌风险分层参数统计表
层位 Sv/
MPaSH/
MPaSh/
MPaρf/
MPaE/
GPav 脆性指数纵横波 脆性矿物碎屑岩 脆性矿物 储层类型 碎屑岩+碳酸盐 龙一14 55.2 65.9 54.5 68.0 45.36 0.23 49.6 61.3 68.1 Ⅲ页岩气层 龙一13 55.4 63.2 52.8 64.1 33.62 0.21 46.1 55.6 63.4 Ⅰ--Ⅱ类页岩气层 龙一12 55.6 64.5 53.3 65.3 45.51 0.21 51.4 61.0 76.7 Ⅰ类页岩气层 龙一11 55.7 66.5 54.8 68.3 43.48 0.23 48.8 58.8 65.2 Ⅰ类页岩气层 五峰组 55.8 67.9 56.8 72.0 41.24 0.25 45.7 42.1 70.7 Ⅰ--Ⅱ类页岩气层
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 邹才能,董大忠,王社教,等. 中国页岩气形成机理, 地质特征及资源潜力[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2010,37(6):641-653. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60001-3ZOU Caineng, DONG Dazhong, WANG Shejiao, et al. Geological characteristics, formation mechanism and resource potential of shale gas in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2010, 37(6):641-653. doi: 10.1016/S1876-3804(11)60001-3 [2] 陈勉, 金衍, 卢运虎. 页岩气开发: 岩石力学的机遇与挑战[J]. 中国科学: 物理学,力学,天文学, 2017, 47（11）: 2-14CHEN Mian, JIN Yan , LU Yunhu. Shale gas development: Opportunities and challenges for rock mechanics (in Chinese)[J]. Sci Sin-Phys Mech Astron, 2017, 47（11）:2-14. [3] HOU B, ZHANG Q, LIU X, et al. Integration analysis of 3D fractures network reconstruction and frac hits response in shale wells[J]. Energy, 2022: 124906. [4] ZHANG Q, HOU B, LIN B, et al. Integration of discrete fracture reconstruction and dual porosity/dual permeability models for gas production analysis in a deformable fractured shale reservoir[J]. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2021, 93:104028. doi: 10.1016/j.jngse.2021.104028 [5] 马天寿,陈平. 页岩层理对水平井井壁稳定的影响[J]. 西南石油大学学报:自然科学版,2014,36(5):97-104.MA Tianshou, CHEM Ping. Influence of shale bedding plane on wellbore stability for horizontal wells[J]. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University:Science & Technology Edition, 2014, 36(5):97-104. [6] 闫传梁,邓金根,蔚宝华,等. 页岩气储层井壁坍塌压力研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(08):1595-1602.YAN Chuanliang, DENG Jingen, YU Baohua, et al. Study on wellbore collapse pressure of shale gas reservoir[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2013, 32(08):1595-1602. [7] 金衍, 陈勉. 井壁稳定力学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2012: 12-20.JIN Yan, CHEN Mian. Mechanics of wellbore stability[M]. Beijing: SciencePress, 2012: 12-20. [8] 卢运虎,陈勉,袁建波,等. 各向异性地层中斜井井壁失稳机理[J]. 石油学报,2013,34(3):563-568.LU Yunhu, CHEN Mian, YUAN Jianbo, et al. Wellbore instability mechanism of inclined shaft in anisotropic formation[J]. Acta petrologica Sinica, 2013, 34(3):563-568. [9] 土林,付建红,饶富培,等. 大位移井井壁稳定机理及安全密度窗口分析[J]. 石油矿场机械,2008(9):46-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2008.09.013TU Lin, FU Jianhong, RAO fupei, et al. Wellbore stability mechanism and safety density window analysis of extended reach wells[J]. Petroleum Field Machinery, 2008(9):46-48. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-3482.2008.09.013 [10] 李培超,李培伦,曹丽杰. 斜井坍塌压力计算公式的理论研究[J]. 上海工程技术大学学报,2010,24(1):1-4. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-444X.2010.01.001LI Peichao, LI Peilun, CAO Lijie. Theoretical study on calculation formula of inclined shaft collapse pressure[J]. Journal of Shanghai University of Engineering and Technology, 2010, 24(1):1-4. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-444X.2010.01.001 [11] 卢运虎,陈勉,安生. 页岩气井脆性页岩井壁裂缝扩展机理[J]. 石油钻探技术,2012,40(4):13-16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.2012.04.003LU Yunhu, CHEN Mian, AN Sheng. Fracture propagation mechanism of brittle shale wall in shale gas well[J]. Petroleum Drilling Technology, 2012, 40(4):13-16. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.2012.04.003 [12] 贾利春,陈勉,侯冰,等. 裂缝性地层钻井液漏失模型及漏失规律[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):95-101. doi: 10.11698/PED.2014.01.12JIA Lichun, CHEN Mian, HOU Bing, et al. Model and law of drilling fluid leakage in fractured formations[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(1):95-101. doi: 10.11698/PED.2014.01.12 [13] 李大奇,康毅力,刘修善,等. 裂缝性地层钻井液漏失动力学模型研究进展[J]. 石油钻探技术,2013,41(4):42-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.2013.04.010LI Daqi, KANG Yili, LIU Xiushan, et al. Research progress on dynamic model of drilling fluid leakage in fractured formation[J]. Petroleum Drilling Technology, 2013, 41(4):42-47. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-0890.2013.04.010 [14] 刘玉石. 地层坍塌压力及井壁稳定对策研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2004(14):2421-2423. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.14.023LIU Yushi. Study on formation collapse pressure and wellbore stability countermeasures[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2004(14):2421-2423. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-6915.2004.14.023 [15] 程远方,张锋,王京印,等. 泥页岩井壁坍塌周期分析[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007(1):63-66.CHENG Yuanyuan, ZHANG Feng, WANG Jingyin, et al. Periodic analysis of shale borehole collapse[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Natural Science Edition) , 2007(1):63-66. [16] 毕博. 泥页岩渗透水化作用对井壁稳定的影响[J]. 钻井液与完井液, 2011, 28(S1): 1-6.BI Bo. Effect of shale permeability and hydration on wellbore stability [J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2011, 28 (S1): 1-6. [17] JU Y, CHEN M, LU Y, et al. Experimental investigation of incompatible deformation characteristics of ultra-deep composite rock salt[J]. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2022: 1-19. [18] 陈勉,金衍. 深井井壁稳定技术研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 石油钻探技术,2005(5):31-37.CHEN Mian, JIN Yan. Research progress and development trend of deep wellbore stabilization technology[J]. Petroleum Drilling Technology, 2005(5):31-37. [19] ZHANG Q, LIN B, KAO J, et al. Characterization of stress field around a reverse fault based on a constraint stress model[C]//54th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. American Rock Mechanics Association, 2020. [20] 卢运虎,陈勉,金衍,等. 钻井液浸泡下深部泥岩强度特征试验研究[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(7):1399-1405.LU Yunhu, CHEN Mian, JIN Yan, et al. Experimental study on strength characteristics of deep mudstone immersed in drilling fluid[J]. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(7):1399-1405. [21] 徐一龙,黄凯文,梁继文,等. 定向井井眼轨迹与井壁稳定性关系研究[J]. 重庆科技学院学报(自然科学版),2011,13(6):51-54. doi: 10.19406/j.cnki.cqkjxyxbzkb.2011.06.015XU Yilong, HUANG Kaiwen, LIANG Jiwen, et al. Study on the relationship between wellbore trajectory and wellbore stability of directional wells[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) , 2011, 13(6):51-54. doi: 10.19406/j.cnki.cqkjxyxbzkb.2011.06.015 [22] BOL G M, WONG S W, DAVIDSON C J, et al. Borehole stability in shales[J]. SPE Drilling & Completion, 1994, 9(2):87-94. [23] ZHANG J. Borehole stability analysis accounting for anisotropies in drilling to weak bedding planes[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2013, 60:160-170. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2012.12.025 [24] 刘志远,陈勉,金衍,等. 多弱面地层水平井裸眼井壁垮塌量计算模型[J]. 石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):102-107. doi: 10.11698/PED.2014.01.13LIU Zhiyuan, CHEN Mian, JIN Yan, et al. Calculation model of open hole wall collapse of horizontal wells in multi weak surface formation[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2014, 41(1):102-107. doi: 10.11698/PED.2014.01.13 [25] 张其星,林伯韬,李欢龙,等. 新疆七中区块克下组油藏地应力场分布特征研究[J]. 钻采工艺,2021,44(4):19-22.ZHANG Qixing, LIN Botao, LI Huanlong, et al. Study on distribution characteristics of in-situ stresses fields of the triassic lower formation reservoir in Qizhong block, Xinjiang[J]. Drilling & Production Technology, 2021, 44(4):19-22. [26] 侯杰,李浩东,于兴东,等. 松辽盆地陆相致密油井壁失稳机理及钻井液对策[J]. 钻井液与完井液,2021,38(5):598-604.HOU Jie, LI Haodong, YU Xingdong, et al. Mechanisms of borehole wall instability of terrestrial tight oil wells in songliao basin and drilling fluid countermeasures[J]. Drilling Fluid & Completion Fluid, 2021, 38(5):598-604. [27] 赵凯,李润森,冯永存,等. 非均匀地应力场下水合物储层水平井井周塑性区分布[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版),2022,53(3):952-962.ZHAO Kai, LI Runsen, FENG Yongcun, et al. Distribution of plastic zone around horizontal wells in hydrate reservoir in nonuniform in-situ stress field[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology) , 2022, 53(3):952-962. -
点击查看大图
图(11) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 828
- HTML全文浏览量: 287
- PDF下载量: 148
- 被引次数: 0
