The Inhibitive Performance and Mechanisms of a Compound Corrosion Inhibitor in Inhibiting P110 Steel in a High Temperature High Density Inorganic Salt Completion Fluid
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摘要: 针对高温深井（井温>160 ℃，井深>5000 m）的油气勘探开发过程中平衡地层压力、减轻储层伤害及防腐的需要，开发了一种低腐蚀性高密度无机盐完井液体系。采用高温高压腐蚀仪及失重法评价了在不同温度（160～180 ℃）、密度（1.80～2.30 g/cm3）及缓蚀剂加量（1%～5%）下该完井液对P110钢片的腐蚀规律。研究结果表明，随着温度的增加，平均腐蚀速率及点腐蚀速率增加，随着缓蚀剂加量的增加，腐蚀速率随之降低，完井液中的缓蚀剂具有较好的缓蚀效果。采用场发射扫描电镜（SEM）观察了P110钢片表面形成了致密的缓蚀产物膜。采用X-射线能谱仪（EDS）、X-射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）揭示了完井液中缓蚀剂与P110钢片的缓蚀作用机理，在P110钢片表面主要形成了Fe3O4及Fe2O3，以及三价铁与完井液缓蚀剂中有机成分形成的有机铁络合物。缓蚀剂不仅参与了产物膜的生成，而且促进了铁的氧化钝化，协同实现了高密度无机盐完井液在高温下对P110钢的缓蚀效果。低腐蚀性高密度无机盐完井液体系在安徽无为现场试验1口井，在平衡地层压力的基础上，降低了无机盐完井液对完井管柱的腐蚀作用，推广应用前景广阔。Abstract: A high density low-corrosion inorganic completion fluid was developed to try to satisfy the needs of developing petroleum from high temperature deep wells (bottom hole temperature > 160 ℃ and well depth > 5 000 m). These needs include formation pressure balancing, formation damage mitigation and corrosion inhibition. Corrosion of this completion fluid to the P110 steel was evaluated with a high temperature high pressure (HTHP) corrosion tester and weight-loss method at different temperatures (160 – 180 ℃), completion fluid densities (1.80 – 2.30 g/cm3) and corrosion inhibitor concentrations (1% – 5%). The study shows that the average rate of corrosion and the rate of pitting corrosion increase with temperature, and decrease with the concentration of the corrosion inhibitor. The corrosion inhibitor in the completion fluid has good corrosion inhibition effect. The dense film of the corrosion products on the surface of the P110 steel plate tested was observed using SEM. The mechanisms of corrosion inhibition of the corrosion inhibitor in the completion fluid were revealed through X-ray energy spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). It was found that there were Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and an organic iron complex between the trivalent iron and the organic components of the corrosion inhibitor in the completion fluid formed on the surface of the P110 steel plate. The corrosion inhibitor not only takes part in the formation of the product film, it also accelerates the oxidation passivation of the iron, thereby synergistically achieving the inhibition of the corrosion to the P110 steel by the high density inorganic salt completion fluid at elevated temperatures. This high density low-corrosion inorganic salt completion fluid was tried on a well drilled in Wuwei county, Anhui province. The completion fluid not only balanced the formation pressure, it also mitigated the corrosion of the completion fluid to the completion string. This high density low-corrosion completion fluid has broad application prospect.
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图 1 P110钢片在不同溶液中高温高压腐蚀后 状态（a）及表面腐蚀形貌（b、c）
注：实验介质为密度2.0 g/cm3、缓蚀剂加量5%的无机盐完井液，实验温度为180 ℃
图 2 P110钢片表面在腐蚀前后的SEM图
注：（a）～（b）：P110钢片腐蚀前的照片，（a）-放大倍数3000倍，（b）-放大倍数10 000倍；（c）～（d）：P110钢片在完井液中腐蚀后的照片，（c）-放大倍数3000倍，（d）-放大倍数10 000倍
表 1 P110钢片在无机盐高密度完井液及清水中的静态腐蚀规律
BH-HSJ/
%ρ/
g·cm−3T/
℃t/
d平均腐蚀速率/
mm·a−1最大点腐蚀速率/
mm·a−15.0 1.8 160 3 0.2120 7.970 5.0 1.9 160 3 0.0638 未见点蚀 5.0 2.0 160 3 0.4790 2.120 5.0 1.8 180 3 0.8289 3.950 5.0 1.9 180 3 0.2130 1.380 5.0 2.0 180 3 0.6496 3.980 1.0 2.3 180 7 7.1542 15.930 3.6 2.3 180 7 3.4299 7.290 5.0 2.3 180 7 1.6925 5.620 清水 180 7 0.3251 1.732 注：①表1中同一密度的无机盐高密度完井液由同一无机盐配方的基础加重液与特定加量的缓蚀剂制备而成；②高温高压腐蚀实验测试温度为160～180 ℃，压力为25 MPa，测试时间为3～7 d 
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表 2 P110钢表面各元素含量分析
样品号 ωFe ωC ωO ωN ωZn ωCa ωCl ωBr ωSi 1# 95.80 1.65 1.86 0.38 0.32 2# 53.12 3.97 38.02 3.16 0.63 0.35 0.34 0.20 0.20 注：①1#为未经浸泡的P110空白样；②2#为在高密度无机盐完井液中及在180 ℃及25 MPa下浸泡3 d后的P110试样
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