A New Reservoir Wettability Characterization Method for Fracturing Fluid Performance
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摘要: 非常规油气储层具有孔隙结构复杂、非均质性强以及渗透率低等特点，压裂液在裂隙中的渗流侵入机制由毛细管压力与储层润湿性主导。因此，精确的原位润湿性表征对评价压裂液性能、构建完善的焖井渗吸驱油工艺以及优化压裂液配方等方面具有重要意义与工程应用价值。基于拓扑几何学Gauss-Bonnet定理和三维微观CT成像试验，建立了储层原位润湿性评价新方法。利用数字岩心重构模型和格子玻尔兹曼方法，模拟了压裂液在真实地层内的渗吸驱油过程，研究了储集岩不同的润湿分布对压裂液性能的影响机制。研究结果表明，基于拓扑几何学的润湿性表征方法的精度高达95%以上，同时可实现表征储集岩不同润湿特征的目的。同时，均匀强水湿状态下致密油的采出程度比混合中性润湿状态高33.8%，其渗吸驱油的效果更佳。储层的原始润湿状态通常具有混合润湿的特征，因此需要优化压裂液配方使储层岩石达到润湿改性和增加致密油采出程度的目的。Abstract: Unconventional reservoirs have characteristics of complex pore geometry, high heterogeneity and low permeability. The wetting behavior between the fluid and solid is the dominant factor that controlling the static and dynamic fluid displacements, which is of great crucial for evaluating the fracturing fluid performance, enhancing the oil recovery during the fracturing fluid imbibition, and optimizing the fracturing fluid formulation. In this paper, we propose a new in-situ wettability characterization method based on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and 3D micro-computed tomography experiments. In addition, we systematically analyze the effect of complex wetting condition on fracturing fluid performance during the imbibition process of fracturing fluids by applying digital rock technology and lattice-Boltzmann method simulations. It is elucidated that the wettability characterization method by the topological principles is more accurate than in-situ microscopic contact angles, of which accuracy is higher than 95%. It is also capable of characterizing the wettability that is influenced by different wetting characteristics. Simultaneously, the tight oil recovery in the homogeneous water-wet reservoir is 33.8% higher than that of mixed-wet reservoirs, which leads to a better performance of fracturing fluid. The initial condition of reservoir is commonly mixed-wet. Therefore, the formulation of fracturing fluid needs to be optimized to reduce the rock wettability and enhance tight oil recovery.
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Key words:
- Wettability /
- Oil displacement /
- Contact angle /
- Fracturing fluid /
- Imbibition
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表 1 不同润湿分布模型的本征接触角、 平均θc以及平均θm的表征结果
润湿分布模型 $ {\theta _{\text{in}} } $ $ \overline {\theta _{\text{c}} } $ $ \overline {\theta _{\text{m}} } $ 均匀强水湿 45.57° 34.23° 69.73° 混合中性润湿 84.26° 88.57° 72.12° 
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