新型环保钻井液在套管开窗侧钻井的研究与应用

刘波; 高龙; 陈明勇; 孙欢; 黄旭平; 赵瑛

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.02.008

新型环保钻井液在套管开窗侧钻井的研究与应用

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.02.008

中国石油川庆钻探长庆钻井总公司, 西安 710000

基金项目: 中国石油集团川庆钻探项目“伊陕-渭北过渡带宜黄恶性漏失区块安全钻完井技术研究与应用”（CQ2019B-20-2-3）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘波，1981年生，现在主要从事钻井液方面研究与现场应用。电话 18089289384；E-mail：zjdxjliub@cnpc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-10
- 修回日期: 2022-12-28
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-30

Study and Application of a New Environmentally Friendly Drilling Fluid in Through-Casing Sidetrack Drilling

CCDC Changqing General Drilling Company of CNPC, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710000

摘要

摘要: 针对苏里格气田二叠系“双石组”硬脆泥岩段掉块剥落，山西组煤系地层、黑色泥岩井壁失稳及水平段滑动钻进加压困难等现象，传统的防塌抑制剂因环保要求受到一定限制，前期钻井过程中已出现了长时间划眼、填井侧钻等复杂情况。文中通过对半纤维素衍生物进行化学改性研制出了环保型改性纤维素为抑制剂CQYZJ-3，形成了一套适用于苏里格气田套管开窗侧钻水平井环保钻井液体系HCG-1，并对该体系进行室内评价。结果表明：钻井液体系流变性能稳定，具有良好的抑制性、润滑性、抗污染能力、缓蚀能力，属无毒、易降解环保钻井液体系。HCG-1钻井液体系在苏里格区块施工的10余口井均获得成功。现场应用表明：HCG-1钻井液体系稳定，防塌抑制性强，润滑性好，电测下套管一次成功，无井下复杂事故发生，同时可实现钻井液的重复利用，取得了较好的应用效果。
- 环保钻井液 /
- 抑制性 /
- 开窗侧钻水平井 /
- 润滑性 /
- 流变性
Abstract: Several problems have been encountered in the development of the Sulige gas field, for example, the caving and sloughing of the hard and brittle mudstones of the Shuangshi formation of the Permian system, borehole instability of the black mudstones as well as difficulties in exerting weight to the bit in horizontal slide drilling, to name but three. Environmental protection requirements have limited the use of conventional shale inhibitors. In previous drilling operation, long time reaming, sidetracking after plugging the abandoned hole have been the norm for some time. To deal with these problems, an environmentally friendly cellulose shale inhibitor CQYJZ-3 was developed through chemical modification of a hemicellulose derivative, and an environmentally friendly drilling fluid named HCG-1, which is suitable for through-casing sidetracking of horizontal wells in Sulige gas field, was developed. Laboratory experimental results show that HCG-1 drilling fluid has stable rheology and good properties such as inhibitive capacity, lubricity, contamination resistance and corrosion inhibition. It is a non-toxic easy-to-degrade drilling fluid. This drilling fluid has been successfully used on 10 wells in the Sulige gas field. Field operation showed that HCG-1 had stable properties, good inhibitive capacity and lubricity. Wireline logging was successful at the first try. No downhole troubles were encountered during drilling. The HCG-1 drilling fluid can be also recovered for re-use. Good application achievements were obtained with the use of the HCG-1 in the Sulige gas field.
- Environmentally friendly drilling fluid /
- Inhibitive capacity /
- Through-casing sidetracking horizontal well /
- Lubricity /
- Rheology

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图 1 半纤维素衍生物化学改性原理

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图 2 膨润土压片在不同溶液中的抑制性能

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图 3 膨润土压片在不同溶液中的膨胀性能

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图 4 HCG-1钻井液体系石盒子振动筛钻屑

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图 5 HCG-1钻井液体系的粒径分布

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图 6 采用HCG-1环保钻井液钻井在不同井中上提下放摩阻情况

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表 1 HCG-1环保型钻井液的常规性能

老化条件	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
常温	18	7	2.0/3.0	3.0	16.0
100 ℃、16 h	17	8	2.5/3.0	3.5	16.2
120 ℃、16 h	17	7	2.0/3.0	3.5	16.3
注：FL_HTHP在100 ℃，3.5 MPa、30 min下测定

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表 2 页岩岩屑在不同钻井液中的滚动回收率

钻井液	一次回收率%	二次回收率%	相对回收率%
聚合物	63.98	25.78	40.29
聚磺	69.47	58.30	83.92
饱和盐	95.12	88.40	92.93
HCG-1	94.45	87.52	92.66
注：热滚条件为120 ℃、16 h

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表 3 不同钻井液的润滑系数

钻井液	极压润滑系数	黏附系数	摩擦系数
聚合物	0.125	0.1521	0.1051
聚磺	0.140	0.1648	0.1317
HCG-1	0.110	0.0790	0.0601

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表 4 HCG-1环保钻井液抗岩屑污染性能评价

钻屑/ %	φ₆₀₀	φ₃₀₀	φ₂₀₀	φ₁₀₀	φ₆	φ₃	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL	pH
0	49	31	21	13	3	2	18	6.5	2/3	3.0	16.2	9
2	49	31	21	13	3	2	18	6.5	2/3	3.0	16.4	9
8	50	32	25	14	3	2	18	7.0	2/3	3.0	16.2	9
14	51	32	26	16	4	2	19	6.5	3/4	2.8	16.0	9
18	60	37	29	18	5	3	23	7.0	4/6	2.8	15.8	9

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表 5 环保型HCG-1钻井液的抗钙能力

Ca²⁺/%	AV上升率/%	Ca²⁺/%	AV上升率/%
0.5	1.11	1.5	2.86
1.0	2.38	2.0	5.65

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表 6 钻井液经过防腐处理静置后钻井液性能变化

t_放置/ d	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	pH
0	18	13	5	6.0	1.12	8.0
2	18	13	5	6.0	1.12	8.0
4	18	13	5	6.0	1.12	8.0
6	19	13	6	6.0	1.12	9.5
8	18	13	5	6.0	1.12	9.5
10	19	13	6	7.0	1.12	9.0
12	19	13	6	7.5	1.11	9.0
14	20	14	6	7.5	1.11	9.0
注：加入0.1%烧碱

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表 7 HCG-1钻井液对金属挂片的腐蚀速率

挂片组号	W_a/ g	W_t/ g	A/ mm²	$ \nu $/ mm/a	$ \overline \nu $/ mm/a
341	10.7606	10.7604	12.797	0.000 727	0.000 737
382	10.9900	10.9898	12.790	0.000 727
306	10.6442	10.6440	12.275	0.000 758

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表 8 自来水对金属挂片的腐蚀速率

挂片组号	W_a/ g	Wt/ g	A/ mm²	$ \nu $/ mm/a	$ \overline \nu $/ mm/a
341	10.7603	10.7571	12.796	0.011 628	0.011 42
382	10.9897	10.9866	12.790	0.011 269
306	10.6430	10.6400	12.275	0.011 363

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表 9 采用低密度HCG-1钻井液钻井的井的泥岩统计

井号	水平段长/m	钻遇泥岩率/%	最长泥岩段	岩性描述	伽马值
苏36-20- 11CH	1000	15	120	深灰色、黑色泥岩	160～250
苏6-1- 3CH	800	10	72	灰色、黑色泥岩	160～250
苏14-10- 21CH	900	12	63	深灰色、黑色泥岩	180～270

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