抗高温非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液研究与应用

徐江; 吴宇; 安智伟; 由福昌; 舒曼

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.02.005

抗高温非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液研究与应用

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.02.005

徐江^1,,
吴宇²,
安智伟³,
由福昌^{4, 5, ,},
舒曼²

1.
中石化石油工程技术研究院有限公司, 北京 102206
2.
荆州嘉华科技有限公司, 湖北荆州 434000
3.
中国石化集团华北石油工程有限公司, 郑州 450000
4.
长江大学石油工程学院, 武汉 430100
5.
油气钻采工程湖北省重点实验室, 武汉 430100

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项“耐高温高性能钻井液体系及井筒强化技术”（2017ZX05005-005-002）

详细信息

作者简介:
徐江，高级工程师，1981年生，现在主要从事钻井液技术及体系研究工作。E-mail：xujiang.sripe@sinopec.com

通讯作者:
由福昌，正高级工程师，湖北省产业教授，现在从事钻完井液技术及应用研究工作。E-mail：yfc81@163.com

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-17
- 修回日期: 2022-12-01
- 刊出日期: 2023-03-30

Study and Application of High-temperature Resistant Non-sulfonated Semi-saturated Salt Water Drilling Fluid

XU Jiang^1
,,
WU Yu²,
AN Zhiwei³,
YOU Fuchang^{4, 5
, ,},
SHU Man²

1.
Sinopec Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102206
2.
Jingzhou Jiahua Technology Co. Ltd., Jingzhou, Hubei 434000
3.
Sinopec North China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450000
4.
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan Hubei 430100
5.
Key Laboratory of Drilling and Production Engineering for Oil and Gas, Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei 430100

摘要

摘要: 针对含磺水基钻井液环保性能差及现有非磺水基钻井液抗温不足的问题，基于腐植酸为主、木质素及栲胶为辅的混合原料，采用硅烷偶联剂、有机酸和二元胺进行多重复合改性，合成制备了抗高温非磺腐植酸树脂类降滤失剂DEM-SEAL，并利用红外光谱、热重及凝胶色谱进行表征。结果表明，DEM-SEAL抗温达180 ℃，且96 h的LC₅₀值达101 020 mg/L，全硫含量为0，无毒环保；当DEM-SEAL加量为4.0%时，基浆180 ℃老化后API滤失量和高温高压滤失量仅7.6 mL和16.8 mL，降低率高达75.2%和83.0%，且对黏度影响较小。结合DEM-SEAL的优良特性，以其为核心构建了一套抗高温非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液体系，密度范围为1.30～1.80 g/cm³，抗温达180 ℃，API滤失量小于5.0 mL，高温高压滤失量小于15.0 mL，具有良好的流变性和低滤失特性；抗泥岩污染达20%，抗盐污染达10%，抗钙污染达1%，96 h的LC₅₀值为55 600 mg/L，BOD₅/COD_cr为23.51%，无毒可生物降解。高温非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液体系在新疆某油田高温深井进行了应用，该井井底温度为179 ℃，钻井过程中钻井液的流变性能稳定，失水造壁性能良好，无井下复杂事故。在满足安全钻井前提下实现了抗高温钻井液“去磺化”目标，为国内高温非磺钻井液的研究与发展提供了技术参考。
- 水基钻井液 /
- 高温 /
- 非磺 /
- 腐植酸树脂 /
- 降滤失剂 /
- 无毒环保
Abstract: Aiming at the problems of poor environmental performance of sulfonated water-based drilling fluid and the insufficient temperature resistance of existing non-sulfonated water-based drilling fluid, the non-sulfonated humic acid resin filtration reducer DEM-SEAL was synthesized on the basis of the mixed raw materials of humic acid, lignin and tannin extract, and was modified by silane coupling agent, organic acid and diamine, and it was analyzed and characterized by infrared spectrum, thermogravimetry and gel chromatography. The experimental results show that the temperature resistance of DEM-SEAL was 180 ℃, the LC₅₀-96 h was 101,020 mg/L, the total sulfur content was 0, which is non-toxic and environmentally friendly. When the dosage of DEM-SEAL was 4.0%, the API filtration and HTHP filtration of the base slurry aged at 180 ℃ were only 7.6 mL and 16.8 mL, with a reduction rate of 75.2% and 83.0%, and it was little impact on the viscosity of mud. Combined with the excellent characteristics of DEM-SEAL, a set of high-temperature resistant non-sulfonated semi-saturated salt water drilling fluid system was constructed. The density range was 1.30～1.80 g/cm³, the temperature resistance reached 180 ℃, the API filtration was less than 5.0 mL, the HTHP filtration was less than 15.0 mL, which has good performance of rheological and low filtration. The LC₅₀-96 h was 55,600 mg/L, and the BOD₅/COD_cr was 23.51%, which is non-toxic and biodegradable. The system has been successfully applied in a high temperature and deep well in Xinjiang oilfield. The bottom hole temperature was 179 ℃, the rheological property was stable in the drilling process, the filtration and wall building performance was good, and there were no complex accidents of borehole. Under the premise of safe drilling, the objective of "non-sulfonation" of high-temperature resistant drilling fluid was realized, which provided technical reference for the research and development of high-temperature non-sulfonated drilling fluids in China.
- Water-based drilling fluid /
- High-temperature /
- Non-sulfonation /
- Humic acid resin /
- Fluid loss reducer /
- Non-toxic and environmentally friendly

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图 1 降滤失剂DEM-SEAL红外光谱图

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 降滤失剂DEM-SEAL热重分析曲线

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表 1 DEM-SEAL及磺化改性树脂对基浆性能影响对比

降滤失剂	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
空白	6	5	1.0	30.6	98.8
2%DEM-SEAL	9	7	2.0	14.5	46.6
4%DEM-SEAL	12	9	2.5	7.6	16.8
2%磺化酚醛树脂	10	7	3.0	11.5	35.0
4%磺化酚醛树脂	16	11	5.0	7.8	19.6
2%磺化褐煤树脂	12	8	4.0	11.0	32.6
4%磺化褐煤树脂	20	13	7.0	7.0	16.0
注：钻井液密度为1.3 g/cm³；FL_HTHP测试条件为150 ℃、3.5 MPa；老化条件为180 ℃、16 h

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表 2 DEM-SEAL及磺化改性树脂对钻井液性能的影响

降滤失剂	状态	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆	φ₃	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
空白	滚前	23	16	7	5	4.0
空白	滚后	15	13	2	1	0.5	8.7	26.6
4%DEM-SEAL	滚前	27	19	8	6	5.0
4%DEM-SEAL	滚后	25	19	6	5	4.0	3.0	10.0
2%磺化酚醛树脂+ 2%磺化褐煤树脂	滚前	40	29	11	8	6.0
2%磺化酚醛树脂+ 2%磺化褐煤树脂	滚后	34	25	9	6	4.5	3.2	11.6
注：钻井液密度为1.3 g/cm³； FL_HTHP测试条件为150 ℃、3.5 MPa；老化条件为180 ℃、16 h

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表 3 非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液长时间高温老化后的性能

老化时间/ h	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆	φ₃	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
0	27.0	19	8.0	6.0	5	4.8	14.6
24	25.0	19	6.0	5.0	4	3.2	10.2
48	23.5	18	5.5	4.5	3	4.0	13.8
72	21.0	16	5.0	3.0	2	4.6	14.2
注：钻井液密度为1.3 g/cm³；FL_HTHP测试条件为150 ℃、3.5 MPa；老化温度为180 ℃

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表 4 老化温度对非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液性能的影响

老化温度/ ℃	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆	φ₃	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
室温	27.0	19	8.0	6.0	5.0	4.8	14.6
130	28.0	21	7.0	5.0	4.0	2.6	8.2
150	27.0	19	8.0	5.5	4.0	2.8	8.6
170	25.5	19	6.5	5.0	4.0	3.0	9.2
180	25.0	19	6.0	5.0	4.0	3.0	10.0
200	14.5	12	2.5	1.0	0.5	5.6	18.8
注：钻井液密度为1.3 g/cm³；FL_HTHP测试条件为150 ℃、3.5 MPa；老化时间为16 h

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表 5 污染样对非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液性能的影响

污染样	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆	φ₃	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
空白	25.0	19	6.0	5.0	4.0	3.0	10.0
5%泥岩钻屑	25.0	19	6.0	5.0	4.0	2.9	9.6
10%泥岩钻屑	26.5	20	6.5	5.5	4.0	2.7	9.0
20%泥岩钻屑	30.0	22	8.0	6.0	5.0	3.0	10.2
5%氯化钠	26.0	20	6.0	5.0	3.5	3.3	11.2
10%氯化钠	23.0	18	5.0	4.0	3.0	3.5	12.8
0.5%氯化钙	24.0	19	5.0	4.0	3.0	3.4	12.2
1.0%氯化钙	21.0	17	4.0	3.0	2.0	4.0	14.8
注：钻井液密度为1.3 g/cm³；FL_HTHP测试条件为150 ℃、3.5 MPa；老化条件为180 ℃、16 h

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表 6 密度对非磺化半饱和盐水钻井液性能影响

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆	φ₃	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL
1.30	25.0	19.0	6	5.0	4.0	3.0	10.0
1.40	27.0	21.0	6	5.0	4.0	3.0	10.2
1.50	30.0	23.0	7	6.0	4.5	2.8	9.6
1.60	34.0	26.0	8	6.5	5.0	2.9	10.0
1.70	38.0	30.0	8	6.0	5.0	2.7	9.2
1.80	41.5	32.5	9	7.0	5.0	2.5	8.4
注：FL_HTHP测试条件为150 ℃、3.5 MPa；老化条件为180 ℃、16 h

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表 7 新疆某油田高温井现场钻井液主要性能

开次	井段/ m	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FV/ s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	FL_HTHP/ mL	Cl⁻/ mg·L⁻¹
三开	5137～7481	1.28～1.40	42～51	17～22	5～8	2～3/4～4.5	2.8～3.6	10.0～13.6	50 000～80 000
四开	7481～8054	1.27～1.36	40～48	15～20	5～7	2～2.5/3.5～4	2.2～3.0	9.2～12.2

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