Simulation Device and Experimental Study on Leakage and Plugging of Active Water Fracture Hole
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摘要: 针对目前没有活跃水缝洞漏失层模拟装置的现状，在调研含活跃水缝洞漏失层特点的基础上，明确了堵漏模拟装置需要实现的功能和相对应的参数，确定了装置结构及组成部分，开发了活跃水缝洞漏失堵漏模拟装置，该装置由缝洞模拟系统、地层水模拟系统、堵漏浆注入系统、井筒模拟系统和数据采集系统等五部分组成，可模拟10 m/min的水流速度，抗压2 MPa，满足大部分含活跃水缝洞漏失堵漏要求，为活跃水层缝洞漏失堵漏提供了实验条件。利用该装置评价了凝胶在活跃水漏失层中的滞留影响因素，结果表明，针对常压下的含水漏失层，当凝胶的泵入速度大于1.2倍水流速度、凝胶黏结力大于10.1 N/m2、凝胶密度介于1.1～1.2 g/cm3凝胶滞留效果较好，为活跃水缝洞漏失层堵漏施工提供了指导。Abstract: Research shows that there is no equipment for simulating the mud loss zones in fractures and vugs with active water. Based on the investigation and study on the characteristics of the mud loss zones in fractures and vugs with active water, the functions to be achieved and the corresponding parameters of the simulation apparatus were clearly defined, and the structure and components of the apparatus were determined. The simulation apparatus is composed of five subsystems, which are the fracture and vug simulation subsystem, the formation water simulation subsystem, the lost circulation material slurry injection subsystem, the borehole simulation subsystem and the data acquisition subsystem. This simulation apparatus can be used to simulate a water flowing speed of 10 m/min and has a pressure bearing capacity of 2 MPa, satisfying the needs of controlling mud losses into most fractures and vugs with active water. Using this apparatus, the factors affecting the retention of gel in mud loss channels with active water were evaluated. The test results show that in a mud loss channel with atmospheric pressure, good retention of the lost circulation control gel can be obtained at the following conditions: the injection rate of a lost circulation control gel is greater than 1.2 times of the water flowing rate, the adhesion strength of the gel is greater than 10.1 N/m2, and the density of the gel is between 1.1 g/cm3 and 1.2 g/cm3. This study has provided a guideline to the control of mud losses into fractures and vugs with active water.
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Key words:
- Active water /
- Fracture and hole /
- Plugging /
- Gel /
- Retention
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表 1 凝胶泵入速度对滞留的影响
序号 凝胶泵入速度/
m·min−1水流速度/
m·min−1滞留情况 1 1.5 1.5 凝胶不能逆水流方向流动 2 1.8 凝胶可逆水流动 3 2.0 凝胶可逆水流动 4 3.0 3.0 凝胶不能逆水流方向流动 5 3.6 凝胶可逆水流动 6 5.0 凝胶可逆水流动 7 5.5 5.5 凝胶不能逆水流方向流动 8 6.6 凝胶可逆水流动 9 8.0 凝胶可逆水流动 10 8.3 8.3 凝胶不能逆水流方向流动 11 10.0 凝胶可逆水流动 12 12.0 凝胶可逆水流动 
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表 3 不同黏度凝胶的在30 mm裂缝中的滞留情况
序号 凝胶/
%凝胶泵入速
度/（m·min−1）滞留情况 1 1.0 3.0 泵入过程中不可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后不能滞留 2 1.0 3.6 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后不能滞留 3 1.0 6.0 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后不能滞留 4 1.5 3.0 泵入过程中不可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶仍可滞留 5 1.5 3.6 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶仍可滞留 6 1.5 6.0 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶仍可滞留 7 2.0 3.0 泵入过程中不可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶仍可滞留 8 2.0 3.6 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶仍可滞留 9 2.0 5.0 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶仍可滞留
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表 4 不同密度凝胶的在30 mm裂缝中的滞留情况
序号 ρ凝胶/
g·cm−3凝胶泵入速度/
（m·min−1）滞留情况 1 1.1 3.0 泵入过程中不可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后可滞留，60 min后仍可滞留 2 1.1 3.5 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后可滞留，60 min后仍可滞留 3 1.1 6.0 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后可滞留，60 min后仍可滞留 4 1.2 3.0 泵入过程中不可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶可滞留，但26 min后上部出现1～2 cm的漏失通道 5 1.2 3.5 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶可滞留，但32 min后上部出现1～2 cm的漏失通道 6 1.2 6.0 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶可滞留，但42 min后上部出现1～2 cm的漏失通道 7 1.3 3.0 泵入过程中不可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶可滞留，但15 min后上部出现1～2 cm的漏失通道 8 1.3 3.5 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶可滞留，但18 min后上部出现1～2 cm的漏失通道 9 1.3 5.0 泵入过程中可逆水流而行，停泵凝胶后，凝胶可滞留，但22 min后上部出现1～2 cm的漏失通道
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