Well Cementing Technology for Complex Reservoirs in the Bayan Hetao Basin
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摘要: 巴彦河套盆地储层低成熟度、高渗透、低强度、高泥质含量特性显著，井壁岩性水敏性强，地层不稳定而易垮易漏，固井面临井深、封固段长、顶替效率低、界面胶结差和后期压裂对水泥环力学性能要求高等技术难题，采用界面增强材料DRJ-2S、膨胀增韧材料DRE-4S等固井关键材料，形成了综合性能良好的DRJ-2S批混批注固壁型冲洗隔离液和DRE高强度韧性微膨胀水泥浆体系。研究表明，DRJ-2S批混批注固壁型冲洗隔离液的冲洗效率达96%以上，较清水提高30%以上，且密度为1.60 g/cm3隔离液的7 d抗压强度为9.6 MPa，可明显提高混合流体抗压强度及水泥环界面胶结强度；90 ℃、21 MPa下，掺有（4%～6%）DRE-4S的高强度韧性微膨胀水泥浆的抗压强度不小于24 MPa，弹性模量不大于7 GPa，线性膨胀率不小于0.02%，具有较强的力学交变适应性。DRE高强度韧性微膨胀水泥浆体系、DRJ-2S批混批注固壁型冲洗隔离液及配套固井工艺技术在巴彦河套盆地规模应用40多井次，平均固井合格率为96.5%以上，推动了该地区整体固井质量大幅提升，为复杂油气井安全高效开发提供了强有力的技术保障，且具有很好的推广应用价值。Abstract: The reservoir formations in the Baran Hetao Basin have the characteristics of low maturity, high permeability, low strength and high shale content. The formations drilled have high water sensibility, instability and leaking potential. Deep well cementing is faced with many difficulties, such as long cementing section, low displacement efficiency, low bonding strengths of the two interfaces and high requirements on the mechanical performance of the cement sheath in late fracturing jobs, etc. To solve these problems, a batch-mixing batch-injecting DRJ-2S flushing spacer and a slight-expansion high strength rough cement slurry DRE have been developed with two key cementing materials, which are an interface strengthening agent DRJ-2S and an expanding toughening agent DRE-4S. Laboratory studies show that the DRJ-2S flushing space has a flushing efficiency of more than 96%, which is 30% higher than that of clean water, and a spacer of density 1.60 g/cm3 has 7 d compressive strength of 9.6 MPa. The DRE-2S flushing spacer has the ability of remarkably enhancing the compressive strength of mixed fluids and the bonding strengths of the interfaces of a cement sheath. At 90 ℃ and 21 MPa, a high strength tough slight-expansion cement slurry treated with 4% – 6% DRE-4S has compressive strength of at least 24 MPa, elastic modulus of equal to or less than 7 GPa, and linear ratio of expansion of at least 0.02%, indicating that the cement slurry has good adaptability to mechanical alternation. The DRE cement slurry and the DRJ-2S spacer have been used on more than 40 wells in the Bayan Hetao basin, with average well cementing pass rate of 96.5% or higher, greatly improving the quality of well cementing job in the basin. The application of the DRE and the DRJ-2S has provided a powerful technical support for the safe and efficient development of the complex oil and gas wells, and is worth promoting.
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Key words:
- Interfacial strength enhancement /
- High strength /
- Toughness /
- Flushing spacer /
- Cement slurry /
- Bonding quality /
- Well cementing /
- Hetao basin
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表 1 不同密度的DRJ-2S批混批注固壁型 冲洗隔离液悬浮稳定性评价结果
ρ/
g·cm−3DRY-S1/
%DRY-S3/
%△ρ2 h/（g·cm−3） 25 ℃ 90 ℃ 150 ℃ 1.30 0.5 0.4 0 0 0.01 1.40 0.5 0.5 0 0 0.01 1.50 0.6 0.6 0 0 0.02 1.60 0.8 0.8 0 0.01 0.02 1.70 1.0 1.2 0 0.01 0.02 
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表 2 界面增强材料DRJ-2S对水泥浆体系 流动性及水泥环界面胶结强度的影响
DRJ-2S/% ρ/g·cm−3 流动度/cm 水泥环界面胶结强度（90 ℃）/MPa 2 d 7 d 0 1.25 25.0 0.10 0.12 48 1.25 23.0 0.16 0.46 60 1.30 23.0 0.23 0.57 75 1.35 23.0 0.24 0.59 90 1.40 22.5 0.31 0.65 105 1.45 22.0 0.31 0.71 125 1.50 22.0 0.35 0.79 160 1.60 21.0 0.39 0.89 注：钻井液取自XH1-21X井完钻钻井液
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表 3 DRJ-2S批混批注固壁型冲洗隔离液对钻井液的冲洗效率评价
ρ钻井液/g·cm−3 ρ冲洗隔离液/g·cm−3 冲洗效率/% 1.25 清水 61.6 1.25 1.25（批混批注固壁型） 98.8 1.30 清水 60.3 1.30 1.30（批混批注固壁型） 98.6 1.35 清水 59.5 1.35 1.35（批混批注固壁型） 98.2 1.40 清水 58.9 1.40 1.40（批混批注固壁型） 98.8 1.45 清水 55.2 1.45 1.45（批混批注固壁型） 98.6 注：实验条件为常温常压；钻井液取自XH1-21X井完钻钻井液，并自行调制密度
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表 4 混合流体抗压强度评价结果
水泥浆∶
隔离液p7 d/MPa
(1.25 g·cm−3)p7 d/MPa
(1.60 g·cm−3)水泥浆∶
钻井液p7 d/MPa
(1.25 g·cm−3)10∶0 32.6 32.6 10∶0 34.6 9∶1 23.7 28.2 9∶1 15.3 8∶2 17.4 25.3 8∶2 8.3 7∶3 10.8 21.9 7∶3 3.2 6∶4 8.1 19.8 6∶4 0.8 5∶5 6.7 18.3 5∶5 0 4∶6 5.6 16.5 4∶6 0 3∶7 4.6 14.6 3∶7 0 2∶8 2.4 13.1 2∶8 0 1∶9 1.5 11.2 1∶9 0 0∶10 1.1 9.6 0∶10 0 注：实验条件为90 ℃、常压下养护20 min后装入70 ℃水浴中养护7 d；钻井液取自XH1-21X井完钻钻井液
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表 5 加有不同加量DRE-4S的水泥石 力学性能（90 ℃、20.7 MPa）
DRE-4S/
%p24 h/
MPap7 d/
MPa7 d线性
膨胀率/%7 d弹性模量/
GPa0 36.3 46.6 -0.01 9.8 2 31.3 39.3 0.00 8.1 4 26.9 36.3 0.02 6.8 6 24.1 34.1 0.03 5.9 8 22.6 28.3 0.05 5.3 10 20.1 24.4 0.06 4.2
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表 6 高强度韧性微膨胀水泥浆综合性能
配方 ρ/
g·cm−3DRH-2L/
%T/
℃t下灰/
s△ρ/
g·cm−3游离液/
%FLAPI/
mLt/
minp/
MPa弹性模量/
GPa水泥石养护条件 1# 1.60 1.0 90 18 0.01 0 45 321 35.2 6.13 80 ℃、21 MPa、
48 h1.5 110 20 0.02 0 48 304 29.5 6.32 1.5 120 20 0.02 0 50 234 29.7 6.48 2.4 140 23 0.03 0 46 326 19.8 6.62 2# 1.88 0.8 90 22 0.01 0 36 224 29.2 6.35 T+30 ℃、21 MPa、
24 h1.5 110 24 0.01 0 40 110 31.6 6.54 1.5 120 24 0.01 0 42 85 34.1 6.72 2.5 120 26 0.01 0 40 289 31.2 6.75 3.2 140 26 0.02 0 44 342 35.2 6.98
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表 7 双密度三凝水泥浆的综合性能
水泥浆 ρ/（g·cm−3） t下灰/s △ρ/（g·cm−3） 游离液/% FLAPI/mL t/min p/MPa 养护条件 领浆 1.65 25 0.02 0 48 309 26.7 100 ℃、21 MPa、48 h 中间浆 1.86 22 0.02 0 40 188 35.6 140 ℃、21 MPa、24 h 尾浆 1.86 23 0.01 0 40 131 38.6 150 ℃、21 MPa、24 h
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