致密气藏二开结构水平井钻井液体系及现场应用

孔维升; 李晓明; 韩成福; 屈艳平; 王清臣; 赵鹏

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.01.010

致密气藏二开结构水平井钻井液体系及现场应用

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.01.010

川庆钻探工程有限公司长庆钻井总公司, 西安 710018

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目面上项目“基于扰动状态理论的井壁失稳综合分析与计算模拟”（51974255）；国家自然科学基金项目面上项目“致密砂岩油藏复杂壁面裂缝内支撑剂耦合运移铺置行为研究”（51874240）；陕西省自然科学基础研究面上项目“基于损伤流变效应的泥页岩井壁失稳机理研究”（2020JM-544）

详细信息

作者简介:
孔维升，1985年生，中级工程师，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail: zq4kws@cnpc.com.cn

通讯作者:
韩成福，1982年生，高级工程师，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail: zqjshcf@cnpc.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-09
- 修回日期: 2022-10-11
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-31

The Field Application of a Drilling Fluid for a Two-Interval Horizontal Well Penetrating Tight Gas Reservoir

CCDC Changqing General Drilling Company, Xi´an, Shaanxi 710018

摘要

摘要: 为解决苏里格气田致密气藏二开结构水平井钻井施工中地层塌漏矛盾突出、降摩减阻及井眼净化困难等技术难题，基于地质特性和泥岩坍塌机理分析，建立摩阻扭矩计算模型，对比变更井身结构摩阻及扭矩变化规律。通过室内研究筛选采用纳米乳液、软硬结合的封堵剂、多元复配的润滑剂和高效提切剂，研发出新型强封堵超润滑水基钻井液体系。室内研究显示，该钻井液体系具有强抑制性和封堵防塌性，能够有效延长硬脆性泥岩失稳周期，进而深度维持井壁稳定，同时也具备良好的流变性和润滑性，且含砂和固相含量低，降摩减阻效果显著。现场应用表明，应用该钻井液体系后下套管摩阻控制在350 kN以内，钻进下放摩阻降低24.21%，扭矩降低34.31%，平均钻井周期为29.04 d，平均机械钻速为17.64 m/h，较三开结构水平井提速36.5%，井塌划眼损失时间降低89.50%，为苏里格气田致密气藏二开结构水平井推广应用提供了有力保障。
- 致密气藏 /
- 二开结构水平井 /
- 钻井液体系 /
- 纳米乳液 /
- 降摩减阻 /
- 塌漏矛盾
Abstract: Two-interval horizontal well profile is used to develop the tight gas reservoirs in the Sulige gas field. Downhole problems such as coexistence of borehole wall collapse and mud losses, high friction and poor hole cleaning have long remained difficulties during drilling operations. Based on the analyses of the geological characteristics and the collapse mechanisms of shale formations, a model for friction and torque calculation is developed. The changes of friction and torque between different well profiles are compared. A new drilling fluid with good plugging capacity and lubricity was developed with a nanophase emulsion, plugging agents o hard and soft particles, compound lubricants and high efficiency gel strength additives which were all selected through laboratory experiment. This drilling fluid has been successfully applied in field operations. Laboratory study has shown that this drilling fluid has good inhibitive capacity and good plugging capacity, and it can extend the instability period of hard and brittle shales, thereby maintaining the borehole wall stable. This drilling fluid also has good rheology and lubricity, low sand content and solid content. In field application, the resistance to casing string running into the hole was controlled within 350 kN, the friction to drilling string running into the hole was reduced by 24.21%, the torque was reduced by 34.31%, the average drilling time was 29.04 d, the average ROP was 17.64 m/h, which was 36.5% higher than that in drilling three-interval horizontal wells. Time spent in reaming because of borehole collapse was reduced by 89.50%. This drilling fluid has provided a powerful technical support for promoting the application of two-interval horizontal drilling in developing the tight gas reservoirs in the Sulige gas field.
- Tight gas reservoir /
- Two-interval horizontal well /
- Drilling fluid system /
- Nanophase emulsion /
- Reduce friction and torque /
- Coexistence of borehole collapse and mud loss

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图 1 二开结构水平井井身结构示意图

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图 2 靖50-20H2井双石层段返出砂样

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图 3 靖50-20H2井黏度、密度变化曲线

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图 4 井塌划眼损失时间对比

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图 5 靖50-20H2井摩阻、扭矩变化曲线

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表 1 石盒子组地层岩屑的黏土矿物组成分析

井号	黏土矿物相对含量/%					间层比/ %
井号	伊利石	蒙脱石	伊/蒙	高岭石	绿泥石	间层比/ %
靖100-22	28.52	0	24.82	34.03	12.63	20
靖26-51	32.69	0	20.71	36.10	10.50	20
靖73-51H2	30.50	0	13.60	46.60	9.30	20
靖70-010H2	20.30	0	11.70	58.90	9.10	20
靖99-04H2	24.35	0	22.62	42.94	10.09	20

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表 2 2种井身结构水平井摩阻扭矩对比

井身结构	不同水平段长度/m	钻进扭矩/ kN·m	下钻摩阻/ t	起钻摩阻/ t
三开	1000	8.44	14.30	14.73
三开	1500	11.03	20.18	21.17
二开	1000	22.05	30.49	31.13
二开	1500	25.88	47.75	43.00

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表 3 在基浆中加入不同封堵剂的性能

封堵剂	初滤失时间/s	FL_API/mL	AV/ mPa·s
空白	28	29.0	8.0
1%有机封堵剂STF-1	57	14.2	11.0
2%有机封堵剂STF-1	71	12.6	12.0
1%超细碳酸钙	61	17.0	12.0
2%超细碳酸钙	70	15.4	13.0
2%石灰石	42	26.8	9.0
3%石灰石	45	25.6	10.0
1%纳米乳液CQRY-1	70	12.2	8.5
2%纳米乳液CQRY-1	75	11.8	9.0

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表 4 在基浆中加入不同润滑剂的极压润滑系数降低率

类型	润滑剂	极压润滑系数	润滑系数降低率%
空白	0	0.0991
单一	2%TG-1	0.0802	18.90
	2%CQRY-1	0.0857	13.52
	2%纳米石墨	0.0903	8.88
二元	1%TG-1+1%CQRY-1	0.0651	34.31
	1%DRB-1+1%纳米石墨	0.0797	19.57
	1%TG-1+1%纳米石墨	0.0678	31.58
三元	1%TG-1+1%CQRY-1+ 1%纳米石墨	0.0563	43.18

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表 5 在基浆中加入不同提切剂前后的流变性能

提切剂	PV/mPa·s	YP/Pa	YP/PV/Pa/mPa·s	φ₆
空白	9	2.0	0.22	2
0.2%XCD	15	6.5	0.43	5
0.2%PAC-HV	17	6.0	0.35	4
0.2%CMS	11	3.0	0.27	2
0.2%CMC-HV	17	5.0	0.29	3

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表 6 二开与三开结构水平井钻井液性能对比

钻井液	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/mPa·s	φ₆	FL_API/ mL
三开井	1.07	22	6	0.27	3	6.0
二开井	1.09	20	8	0.40	4	4.6

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表 7 斜井段和水平段钻井液性能

钻井液	ρ/（g·cm^−3）	FV/s	FL_API/mL	YP/Pa	φ₆	pH
斜井段	1.12～1.26	40～65	4～5	4～12	2～6	8～9
水平段	1.22～1.36	45～70	≤4	7～15	3～7	8～9

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表 8 2019～2021年三开结构水平井及二开结构水平井完成井的指标

井身结构	完井口数	平均井深/m	钻井周期/d	完井周期/d	建井周期/d	钻机月速/（m/台月）	机械钻速/（m·h⁻¹）
三开	92	4715	42.93	6.28	52.83	2950	12.62
二开	68	4350	29.04	6.09	40.67	4027	17.64
对比差值		365	13.89	0.19	12.16	1077	5.02
对比率/%		7.74	32.25	3.03	23.02	36.51	39.78

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