Lost Circulation Material and Technology Research of Self-healing Hydrogel
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摘要: 智能凝胶能够对外界环境作出响应，进行不同状态的转换，提高封堵效果，是一种新型的堵漏材料。为遏制井漏并防止复漏，通过自由基聚合方法制备了一种基于阳离子-π、静电力、氢键的自修复水凝胶用于地层堵漏。实验结果表明，该水凝胶在恶劣环境中的自修复效率达70%，具有较强的盐适应性和耐高温性；能有效封堵180 D砂盘孔隙，封堵率接近90%，对其他固结砂盘(渗透率2 D、5 D、20 D)和未固结砂床(20～40目、40～60目、60～80目)也表现出良好的堵漏能力。相比于常规材料，该水凝胶可通过降低作业压差实现自修复，达到高效封堵；可通过二次降低封堵层渗透率有效提高封堵层的致密性，提高了水凝胶的高温稳定性，高温老化后依然具备良好的封堵能力。水凝胶颗粒在盐水中分散良好，热滚后保持稳定的流变学性能，有利于钻井液循环。研究结果表明，自愈材料作为堵漏材料在石油钻井工业中具有应用潜力。Abstract: Excessive development of pore fractures in the formation during drilling operations can lead to lost circulation and can easily result in safety incidents. In this research, a self-healing hydrogel based on cation-π, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding was prepared by a free radical polymerisation method for formation plugging, forming a dense sealing layer to contain lost circulation and prevent recurrence. Excellent self-healing properties in harsh conditions, with a self-healing efficiency of 70%, and can effectively seal the pores of 180 D sand discs with a sealing rate of nearly 90%. It also shows good sealing ability for other consolidated sand discs (permeability 2 D, 5 D, 20 D) and unconsolidated sand beds (20-40 mesh, 40-60 mesh, 60-80 mesh). Compared to conventional materials, the hydrogel can be self-healing by reducing the operating pressure drop to achieve an efficient seal. The self-repairing hydrogel can effectively improve the denseness of the sealing layers through secondary reduction of the permeability of the sealing layer, which improves the high temperature stability of the hydrogel and still has good sealing ability after high temperature aging. The hydrogel particles are well dispersed in the salt water and maintain stable rheological properties after hot rolling, which is beneficial for drilling fluid circulation. This study shows the potential of self-healing materials as plugging materials in the oil drilling industry.
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Key words:
- Self-healing /
- Hydrogel /
- Lost circulation /
- Drilling fluid
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图 1 P(MPTC-co-NaSS)水凝胶在70 ℃的胶体稳定性（a1和a2单体总物质的量浓度对水凝胶的影响， b1和b2MPTC/NaSS投料比对1.5 M水凝胶的影响， c1和c2 MPTC/NaSS投料比对2.0 M水凝胶的影响）
表 1 P(MPTC-co-NaSS)水凝胶的自修复能力
t/
h拉伸强度/
MPa拉伸强度的
修复效率/%断裂伸
长率/%断裂伸长率的
修复效率/%0 0.48 253 3 0.13 27.1 95 36.8 5 0.23 47.9 130 51.4 12 0.34 70.8 177 70.0 
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表 2 P(MPTC-co-NaSS)水凝胶颗粒的重建能力
凝胶
颗粒交联
条件实验
变量体积/
cm3p/
MPa体积为6 cm3的
水凝胶干粉水浴锅中
交联4 h30 ℃ 8.8 4.9 50 ℃ 8.8 5.9 70 ℃ 9.0 6.7 盐水中
交联2 d0 8.8 7.3 5% 9.0 9.8 10% 9.0 8.8
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表 3 不同堵漏浆的室内常规性能
堵漏浆 实验
条件AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/Paφ6/φ3 FLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mLWBDFs 老化前 9.5 4.0 5.5 6.5/9.0 9.0/8.0 27.8 老化后 4.0 4.0 0 0/6.0 0/0 32.8 85.5 自修复
水凝胶老化前 14.0 6.0 8.0 7.0/8.0 13.0/13.0 21.2 老化后 9.0 5.5 3.5 6.0/3.0 7.0/6.0 26.8 67.8 商用堵
漏凝胶老化前 14.5 10.0 4.5 3.5/14.0 4.0/3.5 18.4 老化后 5.5 5.0 0.5 0/0 0/0 20.8 56.4 惰性堵
漏颗粒老化前 10.0 5.5 4.5 4.5/8.0 7.0/6.0 21.0 老化后 6.5 6.0 0.5 5.0/2.5 0/0 28.0 71.4
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