Development and Application of an Environmentally Friendly Compound Filter Loss Reducer
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摘要: 为从源头上控制钻井液对环境的污染，减少废弃钻井液处理难度和处理费用，实现绿色环保钻井。以生物质材料植物多酚、木质素磺酸钠和玉米淀粉为原料，通过交联改性，合成了一种复合降滤失剂PLS。其EC50为7.78×104 mg/L，BOD5/CODCr为5.05%，无毒且易生物降解。性能评价结果表明，含2%PLS的基浆在180 ℃下热滚16 h后中压滤失量仅为9.6 mL，且抗盐、抗钙性能优于羧甲基淀粉CMC-LV和两性离子淀粉接枝共聚物SAP。以PLS为唯一降滤失剂，配伍键合型润滑剂、双疏纳米封堵剂和仿生固壁剂等环保友好型处理剂，研制了一套环保型水基钻井液体系，并在大港油田某预探井的泥岩水平段进行了应用。应用井段内钻井液的流变与滤失性能稳定，摩阻低，泥饼薄而韧，无复杂情况发生，施工顺利。Abstract: To control the pollution of drilling fluids to the environment from the source and minimize the difficulty and cost of waste drilling fluid treatment, a compound filter loss reducer PLS has been developed through crosslinking modification of plant polyphenol (a biomass material), sodium lignosulfonate and corn starch. PLS is non-toxic and is easy to degrade, it has an EC50 of 7.78 × 104 mg/L, and BOD5/CODCr of 5.05%. Evaluation of PLS shows that a base mud treated with 2% PLS has API filtration rate of only 9.6 mL after hot rolling at 180 ℃ for 16 hours. PLS is better than carboxymethyl starch, CMC-LV and SAP (an amphoteric starch graft copolymer) in resisting salt and calcium contamination. An environmentally friendly water based drilling fluid was formulated with PLS as the only filter loss reducer and other environmentally friendly additives such as bonding lubricant, organo- and hydro-phobic nanometer plugging agent and bionic borehole wall strengthening agent. This drilling fluid was used to drill the horizontal mudstone section of an exploratory well in Dagang oilfield. The rheology, filtration property of the drilling fluid during drilling were very stable, the mud cake had low friction coefficient and was thin and tough. The drilling operation was successful with no downhole troubles encountered throughout the horizontal section.
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表 1 PLS加量对钻井液体系基础性能的影响
PLS/
%AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL0 24.5 22.0 2.5 0.5/0.5 6.7 26.8 1.0 38.0 30.0 8.0 1.5/5.0 3.2 10.2 2.0 45.5 35.0 10.5 2.0/7.0 2.0 4.4 3.0 49.5 38.0 11.5 2.5/8.0 1.8 4.0 注：高温高压滤失量测试条件为140 ℃、3.5 MPa；钻井液的密度为1.3 g/cm3 
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表 2 环保钻井液体系的热稳定性
T老化/
℃t热滚/
hAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL140 0 44.0 36.0 8.0 1.0/5.0 16 45.5 35.0 10.5 2.0/7.0 2.0 4.4 48 42.5 33.0 9.5 1.5/6.0 2.2 5.0 150 16 46.0 36.0 10.0 2.0/6.5 2.2 5.3 160 16 41.5 33.0 8.5 1.0/5.5 2.4 7.9 170 16 39.5 32.0 7.5 1.0/4.0 3.0 10.4 注：高温高压滤失量测试温度与老化温度一致
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表 3 环保钻井液被不同污染物入侵后的性能
污染物 AV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL无 45.5 35.0 10.5 2.0/7.0 2.0 4.4 10%NaCl 46.0 36.0 10.0 1.5/6.0 2.0 5.0 0.5%CaCl2 57.5 41.0 16.5 3.0/11.0 2.4 7.2 10%评价土 50.5 40.0 10.5 2.0/7.0 1.6 3.4 10%岩屑粉 45.0 35.0 10.0 1.0/6.0 1.6 3.2 注：热滚条件为140 ℃、16 h；高温高压滤失量测试条件为140 ℃、3.5 MPa
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表 4 钻井液体系的抑制、润滑与储层保护性能
钻井液 岩屑回
收率/%线性
膨胀/%极压润滑
系数渗透率恢
复值/%清水 84.7 49.5 0.340 环保钻井液体系 97.8 18.7 0.112 90.4 现场钾胺基
聚合物体系94.6 22.5 0.153 81.5 注：滚动回收条件为140 ℃、16 h；线性膨胀条件为140 ℃、3.5 MPa、16 h
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表 5 环保钻井液体系不同井段的基本性能
井深/
mρ/
g·cm−3FV/
sAV/
mPa·sPV/
mPa·sYP/
PaGel/
Pa/PaFLAPI/
mLFLHTHP/
mL2568 1.38 63 44 34 10 2/5 2.2 2583 1.44 79 64 48 16 2/11 2.4 8.0 2600 1.44 68 55 41 14 2/5 2.4 8.0 2792 1.44 67 56 42 14 2/5 2.4 8.0 2992 1.50 70 58 44 14 2/5 2.2 6.0 3016 1.50 67 52 44 14 2/5 2.2 6.0 3222 1.50 64 66 51 15 2/5 2.4 6.0 3378 1.50 66 62 48 14 2/5 2.4 6.0 3551 1.50 64 53 42 11 2/5 2.6 6.0 3588 1.50 68 61 46 15 2/5 2.8 6.0
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