基于Pickering乳液的油基钻井液

李超; 狄雯雯; 耿铁; 任亮亮; 高雅欣; 郝田浩; 孙德军

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.01.003

基于Pickering乳液的油基钻井液

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2023.01.003

1.
中海油田服务股份有限公司油田化学事业部, 河北燕郊 065201
2.
山东大学胶体与界面化学教育部重点实验室, 山东济南250100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金重点项目“开关型乳液体系处理含油污泥与原油回收化工过程的基础研究”（21938003）

详细信息

作者简介:
李超，硕士，现在从事钻井液工艺技术方面研究工作。电话18800021676；E-mail：lichao46@cosl.com.cn

中图分类号: TE254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-03
- 修回日期: 2022-10-12
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-31

A Pickering Emulsion Oil Based Drilling Fluid

1.
COSL Oilfield Chemicals Division, Yanjiao, Hebei 065201
2.
Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100

摘要

摘要: Pickering乳液通过颗粒在油水界面吸附，形成稳定界面膜防止水滴聚并，能够提高油基钻井液的稳定性。然而，关于Pickering乳液油基钻井液的研究，忽略了油相中水滴和无机亲水颗粒间相互作用，均未考虑配浆时加入的氢氧化钙、加重剂以及地层中进入的劣质固相等无机颗粒对乳液中水滴存在形式的影响。因此，向W/O型Pickering乳液中加入氢氧化钙、重晶石和不同水化程度高岭土颗粒，通过宏观沉降实验和显微镜图像证明水滴与颗粒结合，以结合水形式存在，导致颗粒聚集；通过激光共聚焦显微镜和低温差示扫描量热对结合水进行表征。通过添加分散剂可以促进结合水颗粒的分散，提高钻井液体系的稳定性。基于W/O型Pickering乳液的油基钻井液不是油包水乳液，而是结合水颗粒在油相中适度分散的体系。此外，配制低密度油基钻井液模型体系，并调控体系的流变性能，实现低温恒流变。
- 油基钻井液 /
- Pickering乳液 /
- 结合水 /
- 乳液稳定性 /
- 分散剂
Abstract: In a Pickering emulsion, the solid particle emulsifier is absorbed at the interface between oil and water, forming a stable interfacial film to prevent the coalescence of water droplets. This property can be used to improve the stability of oil based drilling fluids. However, in studies on the oil based drilling fluids based on Pickering emulsion, the interaction between a water droplet in the oil phase and an inorganic hydrophilic particle has been omitted; the effects of inorganic particles added to an oil based drilling fluid, such as calcium hydroxide, weighting agents and the drilled cuttings, on the existence of the water droplets in the emulsion are not considered. In laboratory study, calcium hydroxide, barite and kaolinite particles of different hydrating capacities were added into a W/O Pickering emulsion. Macro sedimentation experiment and microscope observation with microscopic images have proved that the water droplets are combined with the solid particles, existing in a form of bound water. This explains the aggregation of the solid particles. The bound water was characterized with laser confocal microscope and low temperature differential scanning calorimetry. The solid particles with bound water can be dispersed by treating the system with a dispersant, in this way the stability of the drilling fluid can be improved. An oil based drilling fluid based on W/O Pickering emulsion is not a water-in-oil (W/O) drilling fluid, it is, however, a system in which the bound water droplets are moderately dispersed into an oil phase. In addition, low temperature constant rheology can be achieved by adjusting the rheology of a low density oil based drilling fluid.
- Oil based drilling fluids /
- Pickering emulsions /
- Bound water /
- Emulsion Stability /
- Dispersant

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图 1 W/O型Pickering乳液高温前后不同时间下的沉降稳定性

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图 2 W/O型Pickering乳液高温前后显微镜照片

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图 3 水相为25% CaCl₂盐水Pickering乳液加入不同无机颗粒的显微镜照片

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图 4 W/O型Pickering乳液加入水化程度为5%不同含量高岭土颗粒的图片

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图 6 W/O型Pickering乳液加入水化程度为20%不同含量高岭土颗粒图片

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图 5 W/O型Pickering乳液加入水化程度为10%不同含量高岭土颗粒的图片

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图 7 W/O型Pickering乳液加入不同无机颗粒的显微镜照片

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图 8 水相为25% CaCl₂盐水的W/O型Pickering乳液加入氢氧化钙颗粒前后的激光共聚焦显微镜照片

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图 9 水相为去离子水的W/O型Pickering乳液加入氢氧化钙颗粒激光共聚焦显微镜照片

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图 10 不同水相W/O型Pickering乳液加入氢氧化钙-T1分散体系的激光共聚焦显微镜照片

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图 11 W/O型Pickering乳液中加入不同亲水颗粒的DSC曲线

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表 1 不含FSVIS模型钻井液体系的流变性能

T/ ℃	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆₀₀	φ₃₀₀	φ₂₀₀	φ₁₀₀	φ₆	φ₃
4	27.5	14.0	3.5	55	31	23	14.0	4.5	4.0
20	23.0	19.0	4.0	46	27	20	13.0	4.0	3.5
35	17.5	14.0	3.5	35	21	16	10.5	4.0	3.5
50	14.0	11.0	3.0	28	17	13	9.0	3.5	3.5
65	12.0	9.0	3.0	24	15	12	8.5	3.5	3.0

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表 2 含有FSVIS模型钻井液体系的流变性能

T/ ℃	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆₀₀	φ₃₀₀	φ₂₀₀	φ₁₀₀	φ₆	φ₃
4	47.0	34.0	13.0	94	60	46	33	16	14.0
20	38.5	26.0	12.5	77	51	40	29	15	13.0
35	31.5	20.0	11.5	63	43	35	26	13	12.5
50	26.0	15.0	11.0	52	37	31	24	12	11.5
65	23.5	13.0	10.5	47	34	29	23	12	11.5

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