基于季戊四醇的超支化降滤失剂的合成及性能评价

宋永涛; 周丰; 余维初; 张颖; 舒文明

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.05.009

基于季戊四醇的超支化降滤失剂的合成及性能评价

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.05.009

宋永涛^1,,
周丰²,
余维初^1, ,,
张颖¹,
舒文明¹

1.
长江大学化学与环境工程学院，荆州 434000
2.
中国石油集团长城钻探工程有限公司，北京 100101

基金项目: 国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”（2017ZX05049003-007）

详细信息

作者简介:
宋永涛，在读硕士研究生，研究方向为油气田应用化学。E-mail：1749938574@qq.com

通讯作者:
余维初，长江大学二级教授，1965年生，主要从事石油与天然气油气田应用化学研究工作。E-mail： yuweichu@126.com

中图分类号: TE254.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-04-13
- 修回日期: 2022-04-27
- 录用日期: 2022-05-21
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-10

The Synthesis and Evaluation of a Pentaerythritol-Based Hyperbranched Polymer Filter Loss Reducer

1.
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000
2.
CNPC Great Wall Drilling Compang, Beijing 100101

摘要

摘要: 针对现有的降滤失剂在使用过程中存在对钻井液流变性影响大、抗温和抗盐能力不足的问题，以季戊四醇为核心结构的多烯基单体四烯丙基醚（PPTE），与2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮（NVP）、丙烯酰胺（AM）为原料，通过自由基聚合反应合成一种基于季戊四醇的超支化降滤失剂PPAAN-1。在正交实验的基础上，进一步考虑四烯丙基醚加量对降滤失剂的表观黏度的影响，最终确认了降滤失剂PPAAN-1的最佳合成条件：PPTE加量为17%、AMPS∶AM∶NVP=2∶6∶1、反应温度为55 ℃、引发剂（AIBN）为0.2%。在室内评价其降滤失效果、流变性能、热稳定性能以及其对滤饼质量的影响。实验结果表明，与国外降滤失剂Driscal D和DrisTemp相比，降滤失剂PPAAN-1对钻井液流变性能影响小，同时拥有良好的热稳定性能以及降滤失效果，其热降解温度高达302.29 ℃，在30%氯化钠盐水浆（1%PPAAN-1）中的API滤失量（220 ℃老化后）为9.8 mL、高温高压滤失量（150 ℃）为18.5 mL；在高温高矿化度的条件下降滤失剂PPAAN-1可形成网状结构，并吸附在黏土表面，提高钻井液中黏土颗粒粒径的分布范围，从而形成致密的泥饼，以达到降滤失的目的。
- 降滤失剂 /
- 季戊四醇 /
- 水基钻井液 /
- 超支化聚合物 /
- 流变性 /
- 耐高温
Abstract: Filter loss reducers presently in use have some deficiencies such as great negative impact on mud rheology, poor high temperature resistance and poor salt contamination resistance etc. To overcome these deficiencies, a pentaerythritol-based hyperbranched polymer filter loss reducer PPAAN-1 was developed through radical polymerization with tetraallyl ether (PPTE, a polyene monomer with pentaerythritol as its core molecular structure), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) and acrylamide (AM) as raw material. Based on orthogonal experiment results, the effects of the concentration of the tetraallyl ether on the apparent viscosity of the filter loss reducer PPAAN-1 was also studied. The optimum synthesis condition of PPAAN-1 was finally determined as follows: concentration of PPTE = 17%, AMPS∶AM∶NVP = 2 ∶6∶1, reaction temperature=55 ℃, initiator (AIBN) concentration = 0.2%. In laboratory evaluation, the properties of PPAAN-1 were compared with Driscal and DrisTemp. PPAAN-1 has little effect on mud rheology, good thermal stability and good filtration control capacity. The thermal decomposition temperature of PPAAN-1 is 302.29 ℃. A 30% NaCl drilling fluid treated with 1% PPAAN-1 had API filtration rate (220 ℃) of 9.8 mL and HTHP (150 ℃) filtration rate of 18.5 mL. In high temperature high salinity conditions, PPAAN-1 can form a network structure and adsorb on the surfaces of the clay particles, thereby widening the range of the particle size distribution of clays in a drilling fluid, helping the drilling fluid form dense mud cakes, and reducing the filtration rate of the drilling fluid.
- Filter loss reducer /
- Pentaerythritol /
- Water based drilling fluid /
- Hyperbranched polymer /
- Rheology /
- High temperature resistant

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图 1 PPTE用量对添加PPAAN-1钻井液性能的影响

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图 2 1%PPAAN-1溶液的扫描电镜图

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图 3 PPTE和PPAAN-1的FTIR谱图

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图 4 PPAAN-1的热重曲线

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图 5 在淡水浆中加入1%不同降滤失剂的流变性

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图 6 不同温度下、不同浓度PPAAN-1淡水浆的滤失量

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图 7 不同NaCl浓度下1%PPAAN-1盐水基浆的滤失量

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图 8 PPAAN-1在黏土颗粒上面的吸附等温线

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图 9 不同浓度PPAAN-1的盐水浆（30%NaCl）在220 ℃老化前后的粒度分布　　　　

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图 10 泥饼压缩性对比

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图 11 加入PPAAN-1前后的泥饼微观形貌

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表 1 正交实验因素水平

水平	因素
	A	B	C	D
	PPTE/%	AMPS∶AM∶NVP	T_反应/℃	AIBN/%
1	5	8∶6∶1	55	0.2
2	15	2∶6∶1	60	0.3
3	25	2∶6∶4	65	0.4

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表 2 PPAAN-1的合成条件正交实验设计及结果

序号	A	B	C	D	FL_API/mL	AV/mPa·s
1	1	1	1	1	16.0	19.5
2	1	2	2	2	14.8	24.5
3	1	3	3	3	17.2	28.0
4	2	1	2	3	15.5	15.5
5	2	2	3	1	10.8	12.0
6	2	3	1	2	12.4	10.0
7	3	1	3	2	11.4	32.0
8	3	2	1	3	8.4	27.5
9	3	3	2	1	9.8	34.5

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表 3 三因素对钻井液的表现黏度和降滤失能力的影响

	FL_API/mL				AV/mPa·s
	A	B	C	D	A		B	C	D
k₁	16.00	14.3	12.27	12.20	24.00	22.33		19.00	22.00
k₂	12.90	11.33	13.37	12.87	12.50	21.33		24.83	22.17
k₃	9.96	13.13	13.13	13.70	31.33	24.17		24.00	23.67
R	7.13	2.97	0.87	1.50	18.83	1.83		5.83	1.67

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表 4 在淡水浆中加入不同浓度PPAAN-1的流变性

PPAAN-1/ %	220 ℃老化前			220 ℃老化后
PPAAN-1/ %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa
0	4.0	3	1.0	2.5	2	0.5
0.5	7.0	5	2.0	2.5	1	1.5
1.0	11.5	10	1.5	7.0	5	2.0
1.5	16.0	13	3.0	14.5	11	3.5
2.0	23.5	19	4.5	17.5	15	2.5

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表 5 NaCl用量对1%PPAAN-1盐水浆流变性能的影响

NaCl/ %	220 ℃老化前			220 ℃老化后
NaCl/ %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa
0	11.5	10	1.5	7.0	5	2.0
10	9.5	8	1.5	7.5	6	1.5
20	8.5	6	2.5	7.0	5	2.0
30	7.0	6	1.0	5.5	5	0.5

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表 6 CaCl₂用量对1%PPAAN-1盐水浆性能的影响

CaCl₂/ %	220 ℃老化前				220 ℃老化后
CaCl₂/ %	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	FL_API/ mL
0	11.5	10	1.5	4.6	7.0	5	2.0	7.2
0.5	8.0	7	1.0	8.4	6.5	5	1.0	13.3
1.0	7.0	5	2.0	9.8	4.5	3	1.5	16.5

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