一种致密油气层保护剂的研制与应用

李昕潼; 郑文武; 刘福; 孙中伟; 王松

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.05.006

一种致密油气层保护剂的研制与应用

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.05.006

李昕潼^1,,
郑文武²,
刘福²,
孙中伟³,
王松^1, ,

1.
长江大学化工学院, 湖北荆州 434023
2.
中石化华北石油工程有限公司技术服务公司, 郑州 450006
3.
中石化河南油田分公司工程技术研究院, 河南南阳 473132

基金项目: 国家重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”（2017ZX05023-003-005）

详细信息

作者简介:
李昕潼，在读硕士研究生，现在主要从事油气田应用化学研究。电话 17732571179；E-mail：791153254@qq.com

通讯作者:
王松，电话13507219348；E-mail： 1508871707@qq.com

中图分类号: TE254.4
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-06
- 修回日期: 2022-06-13
- 刊出日期: 2023-01-10

Development and Application of a Protective Agent for Tight Oil and Gas Reservoirs

1.
Chemical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hunan 434023
2.
Technical Service Company of Sinopec North China Petroleum Engineering Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan 450006
3.
Institute of Engineering Technology, Henan Oilfield Branch, Sinopec, Nanyang, Henan 473132

摘要

摘要: 在新疆本布图油田的勘探开发过程中，时常发生水层及油气层井段井径不规则，严重影响固井质量，损害了油气层。为了钻采过程中满足对本布图油田储层保护的要求，采用无肥皂乳液聚合法合成了聚合物弹性微球NWL，并对其进行了表征，另外优选了防水锁剂。将NWL、防水锁剂、微米级的刚性酸溶性颗粒（CaCO₃）、石油树脂C₉按照一定比例进行复配，得到了储层保护剂CBJ。并评价了CBJ与地层裂缝孔隙适配性、酸溶性与油溶性、与现有钻井液配伍性的评价和储层保护效果，并进行了现场实验。结果表明，CBJ满足地层裂缝孔隙封堵粒径大小的要求，具有良好的酸溶性与油溶性，API滤失量下降了20%左右，渗透率恢复值达80%以上，现场实验效果良好。研究结果表明，CBJ具有良好的储层保护性能，能够因地制宜地保护本布图油田储层，最大限度地提高油井产量。
- 致密油气层 /
- 本布图油田 /
- 油气层损害 /
- 油层保护剂
Abstract: In developing the Benbutu oilfield in Xinjiang, hole size irregularities were often encountered in the water- and hydrocarbon-containing sections, and these greatly affect the quality of the cementing job and damage the reservoirs. To protect the oil and gas reservoirs in the Benbutu oilfield, an elastic polymer microsphere NWL was developed through soap-free emulsion polymerization and was characterized. A reservoir protective agent CBJ was formulated with NWL, a selected anti water-block agent, a kind of rigid acid soluble nanometer particles (CaCO₃) and a petroleum resin in a certain quantity ratio. Laboratory experiment was conducted to evaluate CBL in the aspects such as: the compatibility of CBL with the sizes of formation fractures, the acid solubility and oil solubility of CBL, the compatibility of CBL with the drilling fluids presently used, and the reservoir protection performance of CBL. CBL was also tested in field operations. CBL has the particle size distribution that is suitable for plugging formation fractures, good acid solubility and oil solubility. Drilling fluids treated with CBL have filtration rate reduced by about 20%, and percent permeability recovery by more than 80%. Field application and laboratory study show that CBL has good reservoir protection effect, it can be used to protect the reservoirs of Benbutu oilfield in accordance with the local conditions and maximize the production of oil wells.
- Tight oil and gas layers /
- Benbutu oilfield /
- Oil and gas reservoir damage /
- Reservoir protection agent

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图 1 聚合物微球红外吸收光谱

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图 2 聚合物微球的粒径分布

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图 3 聚合物微球的扫描电镜图

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图 4 储层保护剂CBJ的粒径分布

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图 5 本部图岩心暂堵前后的图片

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表 1 防水锁剂的表面张力测定

样品	CMC/%	σ_CMC/（mN·m⁻¹）	与模拟地层水配伍性
PFWD	0.50	35.29	好
JPZ-2	0.20	54.43	好
JZP-3	0.20	47.83	较好
OP-10	0.20	31.21	好
OP-15	0.20	32.64	好
XY-W	0.20	28.65	好
SATRO	0.20	31.01	好
S2	0.40	40.14	好
S3	0.75	40.14	好
F4	0.15	31.73	好
F5	0.25	31.06	不好
F6	0.50	37.74	好
F7	0.75	42.07	好
F9	0.75	42.07	好
F10	0.50	34.86	良
HAR	0.50	30.62	好

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表 2 表面活性剂起泡及乳化性能的评价

表面活性剂	加量/%	起泡性能	乳化性能	浊度
PFWD	1.0	弱	轻度乳化	11.1
OP-10	1.0	强	严重乳化	16.5
XY-W	0.5	强	严重乳化	39.5
SATRO	1.0	弱	轻度乳化	8.5
F4	1.0	强	明显乳化	42.3
F10	0.5	强	严重乳化	36.7
HAR	0.5	不起泡	不产生乳化	2.0

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表 3 本部图油田储层不同层孔喉分布区间表

孔喉缝隙/μm	不同层位孔喉缝隙百分比/%
孔喉缝隙/μm	26-3	26-2	1-2	19-2	7-2	57-1	42-3	25-1	5-2	1-1	T15	14-1	平均
>75	0.38	0.39	0.40	0.38	1.20	0.52	0.35	0.71	0.61	0.66	0.30	0.51	0.53
75～30	0.37	0.08	0.20	0.26	0.09	0.13	0.26	0.19	0.06	0.20	0.30	0.18	0.19
30～15	0.51	0.24	0	0.13	0.09	0.40	0	0.25	0.06	0.07	0	0.22	0.16
10～15	0.37	0.39	0.27	0.31	0	0.01	0.26	0.20	0.30	0.20	0.30	0.12	0.23
10～7.5	0.13	0	0.34	0.07	0.10	0.12	0.35	0.32	0	0.19	0.08	0.07	0.15
>7.5	1.76	1.10	1.21	1.15	1.48	1.18	1.22	1.67	1.03	1.31	0.98	1.20	1.27
7.5-2.5	0.37	0.63	0.79	10.62	4.15	5.94	0.96	0.32	0.73	0.79	1.12	14.01	3.37
2.5～0.94	1.13	4.32	21.37	21.98	29.80	22.49	18.05	23.10	17.29	22.02	15.47	20.23	18.10
0.94～0.44	5.40	24.44	12.93	13.98	14.21	12.43	10.64	16.68	12.56	14.00	12.31	12.30	13.49
0.44～0.11	22.47	29.86	22.29	21.74	21.23	21.58	19.63	23.93	21.72	20.59	19.52	18.12	21.89
0.11～0.02	15.82	19.88	15.77	12.31	11.07	15.56	20.14	17.74	18.87	18.87	14.86	11.09	16.00
＜0.02	53.05	19.77	25.64	18.22	18.06	20.82	29.36	16.56	27.80	22.41	35.74	23.15	25.88
注：M-m为孔喉缝隙最大值-孔喉缝隙最小值

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表 4 室温下油气层保护剂CBJ在煤油中随时间的溶解率

t/ h	I号暂堵剂			Ⅱ号暂堵剂
t/ h	溶解后重量/g	溶液状态	油溶率/%	溶解后重量/g	溶液状态	油溶率/%
1	19.8	溶液澄清	1.0	19.8	溶液澄清	1.0
12	19.5	溶液澄清	2.5	19.4	溶液澄清	3.0
24	19.2	溶液澄清	4.0	19.1	溶液微浑浊	4.5
48	18.8	溶液微浑浊	6.0	18.9	溶液微浑浊	5.5
72	18.4	溶液微浑浊	8.0	18.5	溶液微浑浊	7.5

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表 5 80 ℃下油气层保护剂CBJ在煤油中随时间的溶解率

t/ h	I号暂堵剂			Ⅱ号暂堵剂
t/ h	溶解后重量/g	溶液状态	油溶率/%	溶解后重量/g	溶液状态	油溶率/%
1	19.7	溶液澄清	1.5	19.7	溶液澄清	1.5
12	19.4	溶液澄清	3.0	19.3	溶液澄清	3.5
24	19.1	溶液澄清	4.5	19.0	溶液澄清	5.0
48	18.6	溶液微浑浊	7.0	18.6	溶液微浑浊	7.0
72	18.1	溶液微浑浊	9.5	18.2	溶液微浑浊	9.0

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表 6 室温下油气层保护剂CBJ在15%HCl中随时间的溶解率

t/h	I号暂堵剂			Ⅱ号暂堵剂
t/h	溶解后重量/g	溶液状态	酸溶率/%	溶解后重量/g	溶液状态	酸溶率/%
1	10.2	溶液澄清	49.0	10.0	溶液澄清	50.0
12	5.3	溶液澄清	73.5	5.2	溶液澄清	74.0
24	3.8	溶液澄清	81.0	3.8	溶液澄清	81.0
48	3.7	溶液澄清	81.5	3.7	溶液澄清	81.5
72	3.6	溶液澄清	82.0	3.7	溶液澄清	81.5

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表 7 油气层保护剂CBJ与河南钻井液的配伍性

CBJ/ %	老化条件	AV/ mPa·s	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_API/ mL	pH
0	老化前	31.0	20.5	10.5	3.0/8.5	5.0	9
0	120 ℃、16 h	33.5	22.0	11.5	3.0/9.0	10.6	9
1	老化前	34.0	22.5	11.5	3.0/8.5	4.7	9
1	120 ℃、16 h	35.5	23.5	12.0	3.0/9.5	8.5	9
2	老化前	35.0	23.0	12.0	3.0/8.5	4.2	9
2	120 ℃、16 h	36.5	23.5	13.5	3.0/9.5	6.1	9
3	老化前	35.5	23.0	12.5	3.0/8.5	3.0	9
3	120 ℃、16 h	37.5	24.5	13.0	3.0/9.5	5.4	9

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表 8 钻井液暂堵深度评价

钻井液体系类型	岩心编号	岩心长度L_o/ cm	K₀/ mD	截取长度L_i/ cm	截取后剩下段渗透率K_i/ mD	侵入深度/ cm
河南钻井液	253	5.96	0.129	3.12	0.121	≥3.0
河南钻井液+2%CBJ	75	6.12	0.125	1.10	0.120	≤1.10

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表 9 CBJ加量对河南钻井液体系的储层保护效果

CBJ/ %	岩心	K₀/ mD	K_d/ mD	K_d/K₀/ %	暂堵实验条件
CBJ/ %	岩心	K₀/ mD	K_d/ mD	K_d/K₀/ %	压差/MPa	t/min	T/℃
0	368	0.122	0.0879	72.00	3.5	120	90
1	210	0.157	0.1250	79.62	3.5	120	90
2	342	0.206	0.1750	84.95	3.5	120	90
3	313	0.125	0.1080	86.40	3.5	120	90

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表 10 现场钻井液性能

井深/ m	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	FL_API/ mL	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Gel/ Pa/Pa	C_s/ %	pH	固相含量/ %	摩擦系数
2500	1.11	5.3	21.3	9	2.0/8.0	0.2	10.0	4.0	0.3946
2615	1.12	5.2	20.9	10	4.0/10.5	0.2	9.0	4.5	0.4017
2636	1.13	5.4	21.1	12	3.0/9.5	0.2	8.5	5.0	0.3946
2880	1.13	5.0	21.7	11	2.5/9.5	0.3	9.0	5.0	0.4017
3009	1.14	5.4	23.7	12	2.0/8.0	0.3	9.0	5.5	0.3946
3140	1.15	5.3	23.5	12	2.5/8.0	0.2	9.0	5.0	0.4017
3314	1.15	5.4	23.3	11	2.5/8.0	0.2	8.5	5.5	0.4017
3423	1.15	5.2	23.3	13	2.5/8.0	0.2	9.0	5.0	0.4017
3554	1.14	5.4	24.1	12	3.0/9.5	0.3	9.0	5.0	0.4017
3671	1.14	5.4	23.7	13	3.0/9.5	0.2	9.0	5.0	0.4017
3795	1.15	5.3	24.4	12	3.0/9.5	0.2	9.0	5.0	0.4017

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