K<sup>+</sup>敏感型VES转向解堵体系的研究与应用

刘常清; 张宁; 马亮; 林超; 顾津龙; 周际永; 刘毅龙

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.016

K⁺敏感型VES转向解堵体系的研究与应用

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.016

1.
中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司, 天津300452
2.
中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司, 天津300452
3.
中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院, 山东青岛266580

基金项目: 中海石油（中国）有限公司天津分公司科研项目“复合中性选择性解堵技术研究及应用”（CCL2021TJBNNST0868）；中海油能源发展股份有限公司重大专项“油水井作业暂堵、解堵及乳化液处理关键化学剂研发”（GJ2020-01-04）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
刘常清，1984年生，工程师，2007年毕业于中国石油大学（华东），现在从事油气田增产、增注技术的研究与管理工作。电话（022）66501367；E-mail：liuchq2@cnooc.com.cn

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-20
- 修回日期: 2022-05-05
- 录用日期: 2022-03-08
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-30

Study and Application of a K⁺ Sensitive VES Diverting Block Removing Fluid

1.
Tianjin Branch Company, CNOOC, Tianjin 300452
2.
Engineering Technology Company of CNOOC, Tianjin 300452
3.
School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580

摘要

摘要: BZ油田储层层间渗透率级差大、非均质性强，解堵体系泵注过程中会优先进入高渗层，造成渗透率级差进一步增大，解堵效果不理想，且常规的VES转向体系只对二价阳离子敏感，在海上砂岩储层缺少二价阳离子的情况下应用效果不佳。针对该问题，以一种对K⁺敏感的黏弹性表面活性剂LD-VES为转向体系，与解堵体系配合使用形成了适用于海上砂岩储层的转向解堵体系。评价了转向体系的增黏性能、破胶性能、耐温性能、抗剪切性能以及与解堵体系的配伍性能，分析了转向体系的增黏机理以及破胶返排机理并进行了现场试验。结果表明，在KCl质量分数为7%时，增黏效果最佳，在温度为120 ℃、剪切速率为50 r/min下，体系黏度可以保持在1680 mPa·s，经过170 s⁻¹高剪切速率剪切2 h后，黏度仍有1750 mPa·s，体系具有良好的增黏、耐温和抗剪切性能；转向体系与解堵体系混合后无沉淀、残渣生成，配伍性良好；加入相同体积煤油后，体系能够迅速破胶，具有优良的破胶性能。现场应用后日产液量27.92 m³/d，较作业前的8 m³/d提高3.49倍；日产油量16.75 m³/d，达到作业前的4.05倍，具有显著效果。
- 砂岩储层 /
- KCl /
- 转向解堵 /
- 黏弹性表面活性剂
Abstract: Different pay zones in the BZ oilfield have big permeability differences among them and high heterogeneity, resulting in preferential flow of block removing fluids into zones with high permeabilities during pumping which in turn further increasing the permeability differences among different zones. This is quite unsatisfactory to the removal of the blockage existing in the reservoir formations. Furthermore, the conventional VES diverting fluids are only sensitive to divalent cations, and are thus behaving poorly in offshore sandstone reservoirs which lack divalent cations. To solve this problem, a viscoelastic surfactant LD-VES, a K⁺ sensitive diverting fluid, were selected to combine with a block removing fluid to form a diverting block removing fluid for offshore sandstone reservoir operation. In laboratory experiment, the diverting fluid was evaluated for its viscosifying capacity, gel breaking performance, high temperature tolerance, shearing property and compatibility with the block removing fluid. The viscosifying, gel breaking and flowback mechanisms of the diverting fluid were analyzed. Field application of the diverting block removing fluid has shown that the fluid has the best viscosifying effect at KCl mass fraction of 7%. At 120 ℃, the viscosity of the fluid was 1, 680 mPa∙s at shearing rate of 50 r/min. After being sheared for 2 hours at 170 s⁻¹, the viscosity was still 1,750 mPa∙s, indicating that the fluid had excellent viscosifying capacity, high temperature tolerance and shearing property. The mixture of the diverting fluid and the block removing fluid produced no precipitation and residue, indicating that they had good compatibility with each other. After mixing kerosene with the diverting block removing fluid in 1 : 1 volume ratio, the gel of the diverting block removing fluid was soon broken. Field application of this diverting block removing fluid produced liquid of 27.92 m³/d, a production rate 3.49 times higher than that before the application (which was only 8 m³/d), and oil of 16.75 m³/d, 4.05 times of the production rate before the application.
- Sandstone reservoir /
- KCl /
- Diverting and block removing /
- Viscoelastic surfactant

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图 1 90 ℃下LD-VES转向体系黏度随KCl浓度变化

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图 2 LD-VES转向体系黏度随温度变化

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图 3 LD-VES转向体系黏度随剪切时间变化

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图 4 LD-VES转向体系剪切后表观图

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图 5 黏弹性表面活性剂黏度随加入盐水体积倍数变化

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图 6 黏弹性表面活性剂黏度随加入煤油体积倍数变化

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图 7 加入煤油对表面活性剂分子胶束形态的影响

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图 8 黏弹性表面活性剂转向体系　　黏度随加入体积倍数变化

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图 9 K⁺对表面活性剂分子的胶束形态变化影响

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图 10 LD-VES体系加入不同介质后胶束形态变化 (×500倍)

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图 11 BZ油田X井酸化施工曲线图

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