致密气藏超长水平段低摩阻水泥浆固井技术

王鼎; 陈财政; 杜松涛

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.014

致密气藏超长水平段低摩阻水泥浆固井技术

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.014

王鼎^{1, 2,},
陈财政^{1, 2},
杜松涛^{1, 2}

1.
川庆钻探工程有限公司钻采工程技术研究院, 西安710018
2.
低渗透油气田勘探开发国家工程实验室, 西安 710018

详细信息

作者简介:
王鼎，硕士研究生，工程师，现在主要从事固完井技术研究工作。电话：15891390539 ；E-mail ：wdcd2011@126.com

中图分类号: TE 256.6
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-08
- 修回日期: 2022-04-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-30

Low Friction Cement Slurry Cementing Technology in Ultra-long Horizontal Section of Tight Gas Reservoir

WANG Ding^{1, 2
,},
CHEN Caizheng^{1, 2},
DU Songtao^{1, 2}

1.
CCDC Drilling Engineering Technology Research Institute, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018
2.
National Engineering Laboratory for Exploration and Development of Low Permeability Oil and Gas Fields, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018

摘要

摘要: 长庆油田致密气藏超长水平段固井，存在裸眼段长、环空间隙小、流动摩阻压耗大和施工压力高，易发生漏失造成固井质量差和后期环空带压等一系列复杂问题，严重影响后续开采和单井产量。为此开发了低摩阻低密度水泥浆和低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆，来提高水泥浆的流动性，降低流动摩阻压耗、施工压力和漏失风险。低摩阻低密度水泥浆采用耐压性能优良的空心玻璃微珠做为主要减轻材料，提高体系的耐压性能，入井后保持较高的结构圆整度，有效降低摩阻压耗。低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆在常规高强韧性水泥浆的基础上，引入实心玻璃微珠和复合高效增强剂，在保证水泥石力学性能的基础上，提高了水泥浆的流动性能，降低了水泥浆的摩阻压耗。室内模拟实验表明，低摩阻低密度水泥浆较常规低密度水泥浆范宁摩阻系数由0.0593降低至0.0295，降低50.25%；低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆较常规高强韧性水泥浆摩阻系数由0.070降低至0.0414，降低40.86%。前期先导性试验应用表明，使用低摩阻水泥浆摩阻压耗降低明显，有效降低施工压力。采用低摩阻水泥浆并进行低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆分段梯度携砂设计，助力致密气藏5256 m超长水平段固井施工顺利完成，固井质量合格，为长庆致密气藏超长水平段固井提供有力的技术支撑。
- 超长水平段 /
- 摩阻压耗 /
- 低摩阻 /
- 范宁摩阻系数 /
- 分段梯度携砂设计
Abstract: Cementing of ultra-long horizontal section of Sulige Tight Gas Reservoir in Changqing Oilfield has long open-hole sections, small annulus gaps, high flow friction and pressure loss, high construction pressure, and easy leakage, resulting in poor cementing quality and later annular pressure. A series of complex issues have seriously affected subsequent mining and single well production. Therefore, low friction low density cement slurry and low friction high strength and toughness cement slurry are developed to improve the fluidity of cement slurry and reduce the flow friction pressure consumption, and reduce the construction pressure and the risk of leakage.Low-friction low-density cement slurry adopts hollow glass beads with good pressure resistance as the main reducing material to improve the pressure resistance of the system, and maintain a higher roundness of the structure after entering the well, effectively reducing the friction and pressure loss.Low-friction high-strength and toughness cement slurry is based on conventional cement slurry, introducing solid glass microspheres and composite high-efficiency reinforcing agents to improve the fluidity of the cement slurry and reduce friction pressure loss on the basis of ensuring the mechanical properties of the cement stone. The experimental results show that the Fanning friction coefficient of low-friction and pressure-resistant hollow glass microbead cement slurry is reduced from 0.0593 to 0.0295, which is 50.25% lower than that of conventional low-density cement slurry . The friction coefficient of low friction high strength toughness cement slurry is reduced from 0.07 to 0.0414, 40.86% lower than the conventional high strength toughness cement slurry. The preliminary pilot test shows that the low friction cement slurry can reduce the friction pressure and the construction pressure effectively. The adoption of low-friction cement slurry and the segmented gradient sand carrying design of low-friction high-strength and high-toughness cement slurry helped the cement construction of 5256 m ultra-long horizontal section in tight gas reservoir to be successfully completed, and the cementing quality was qualified, providing strong technical support for the ultra-long horizontal section in Changqing tight gas reservoir.
- Ultra-long horizontal section /
- Friction and pressure loss /
- Low friction /
- Fanning friction coefficient /
- Segmented gradient sand carrying design

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图 1 Y6000（左）和SGM280（右）扫描电镜图

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表 1 常规低密度水泥浆基本性能

实验方案	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	稠度/ Bc	游离液/ %	流动度/ cm	流变参数		范宁摩阻系数
实验方案	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	稠度/ Bc	游离液/ %	流动度/ cm	n	K/Pa·sⁿ	范宁摩阻系数
1	1.32	15	0.3	18	0.47	0.92	0.0269
2	1.47	19	0.8	15	0.36	3.60	0.0593
注：实验方案1：制备水泥浆置于常压稠化仪上升温至80 ℃再养护20 min，进行性能评价；实验方案2：制备水泥浆置于增压稠化仪上升温升压至80 ℃、40 MPa再养护20 min，进行性能评价。

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表 2 低摩阻水泥浆体系基础性能

配方	实验方案	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	稠度/ Bc	游离液/ %	p/MPa		流动度/ cm	n	K/ Pa·sⁿ	范宁摩阻系数
配方	实验方案	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	稠度/ Bc	游离液/ %	24 h	48 h	流动度/ cm	n	K/ Pa·sⁿ	范宁摩阻系数
1^#	1	1.25	14	0.2	7.3	10.6	21.0	0.60	0.43	0.0287
1^#	2	1.26	14	0.2	7.8	11.2	20.5	0.61	0.42	0.0295
2^#	1	1.90	18	0	33.6	41.5	18.0	0.89	0.21	0.0414
2^#	2	1.90	18	0	33.7	41.9	18.0	0.89	0.21	0.0414

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表 3 低摩阻低密度水泥浆现场试验应用情况对比

井号	井深/ m	垂深/ m	水平段长/ m	ρ_钻井液/ g·cm⁻³	施工压力/ MPa	低密度封固段长/m	常规密度封固段长/m	理论计算摩阻压耗/MPa	实际反推摩阻压耗/MPa
S28-*H1	5041	3229	1500	1.35	0-20.0-26	853	1800	9.97	10.72
S28-*H2	5045	3208	1310	1.35	0-23.0-28	795	1610	10.59	12.59
S28-**H1	4960	3173	1300	1.32	0-21.5-28	885	1880	10.12	10.91
S28-**H2	4736	3120	1336	1.32	0-23.5-29	815	1840	11.00	13.05

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表 4 套管内流体流动摩阻压耗计算表

流体	ρ/（g·cm^-3）	L/m	v/（m·s^-1）	d/m	λ	P/MPa
清水	1.01	5041	1.027	0.0996	0.04	1.08
注：P=$ \dfrac{\mathit{\lambda }\rho L{v}^{2}}{2d} $，λ为经验值0.04

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表 5 环空流体流动摩阻压耗计算表

流体	ρ/ g·cm⁻³	L/ m	v/ （m·s⁻¹）	Δd/ mm	f	P/ MPa
钻井液	1.35	1976	0.825	4.512	0.0177	1.42
前置液	1.01	412	0.825	4.512	0.0082	0.11
低摩阻低密度	1.26	853	0.825	4.512	0.0295	0.96
常规高强韧性	1.90	1800	0.791	4.680	0.07	6.40

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表 6 低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆现场试验应用情况对比

井号	井深/ m	垂深/ m	水平段长/ m	ρ_钻井液/ g·cm⁻³	施工压力/MPa	低密度封固段长/m	常规密度封固段长/m	理论计算摩阻压耗/MPa	实际反推摩阻压耗/MPa
J5-H1	4850	3021.50	1500	1.38	0-23.5-28	800	2298	9.07	10.96
J5-H2	4739	2957.00	1500	1.38	0-25.5-30	800	2107	11.76	13.90
J7-H2	4724	3183.80	1188	1.41	0-22.0-28	685	1730	7.98	9.73
J7-H1	4664	2924.00	1339	1.41	0-23.5-30	650	1650	10.15	11.88
S28-*H2	5380	3103.00	1940	1.40	0-24.0-30	805	2350	9.68	11.62
S28-*H1	5407	3092.10	1957	1.40	0-26.0-31	785	2340	13.05	14.55

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表 7 低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆分段梯度携砂设计

流体	ρ/ g·cm^-3	六速						PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Zj
流体	ρ/ g·cm^-3	φ₃	φ₆	φ₁₀₀	φ₂₀₀	φ₃₀₀	φ₆₀₀	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	Zj
完井钻井液	1.43	2	4	12.5	21.5	29.5	50	21	4.60	2.79a
低摩阻高强韧性	1.88	1	6	35.7	69.0	97.0	142	92	2.58	2.13a
低摩阻高强韧性	1.90	3	10	39.5	75.0	105.0	175	98	3.45	2.23a
低摩阻高强韧性	1.93	6	14	48.0	88.0	121.5	218	110	5.75	2.47a
注：Zj=$ \dfrac{{\rho }_{\mathrm{流}\mathrm{体}}}{{\rho }_{\mathrm{岩}\mathrm{屑}}} $×$ {PV}^{YP/PV} $；a=$ \dfrac{1}{{\rho }_{\mathrm{岩}\mathrm{屑}}} $

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表 8 低摩阻高强韧性水泥浆体系基本性能

ρ/ g·cm^-3	稠度/ Bc	游离液/ %	p/MPa		t_稠化/ min	流动度/ cm	流变参数		范宁摩阻系数
ρ/ g·cm^-3	稠度/ Bc	游离液/ %	24 h	48 h	t_稠化/ min	流动度/ cm	n	K/ Pa·sⁿ	范宁摩阻系数
1.88	16	0	32.9	40.5	405	20	0.91	0.17	0.0370
1.90	18	0	33.7	41.9	355	18	0.89	0.21	0.0414
1.93	20	0	34.9	43.4	315	17	0.85	0.32	0.0495

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表 9 套管内流体流动摩阻压耗的计算表

流体	ρ/（g·cm⁻³）	L/m	v/（m·s⁻¹）	d/m	λ	P/MPa
清水	1.01	8525	1.078	0.0972	0.04	2.06

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表 10 环空流体流动摩阻压耗计算表

水泥浆	ρ/ g·cm^-3	L/ m	v/ m·s⁻¹	Δd/ mm	f	P/ MPa
低摩阻低密度	1.26	1937	0.825	4.512	0.0295	2.18
低摩阻高强韧性	1.88	1350	0.825	4.512	0.0370	2.83
低摩阻高强韧性	1.90	3000	0.791	4.68	0.0412	6.27
低摩阻高强韧性	1.93	2228	0.791	4.68	0.0495	5.69

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