阜康凹陷井壁失稳机理与封堵防塌油基钻井液体系

刘可成; 周俊; 崔鑫; 周泽南; 于永生; 李建国; 蒋官澄

doi:10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.009

阜康凹陷井壁失稳机理与封堵防塌油基钻井液体系

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.009

刘可成^1,,
周俊¹,
崔鑫^{2, 3},
周泽南¹,
于永生¹,
李建国¹,
蒋官澄^{2, 3}

1.
新疆油田工程技术研究院, 新疆克拉玛依 834000
2.
中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
3.
中国石油大学(北京)石油工程教育部重点实验室, 北京 102249

详细信息

作者简介:
刘可成，工程师，1988年生，毕业于中国石油大学（北京）化学工程专业，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail：liukecheng2014@163.com

中图分类号: TE 254.3
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-03
- 修回日期: 2022-02-23
- 录用日期: 2021-09-03
- 刊出日期: 2022-07-30

Mechanisms of Borehole Wall Instability in Fukang Sag Block and an Oil Based Drilling Fluid with Plugging and Inhibitive Capacities

1.
Xinjiang Oilfield Engineering and Technology Research Institute, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000
2.
State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249
3.
MOE Key Laboratory of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249

摘要

摘要: 针对阜康凹陷区块钻井遭遇的井壁失稳难题，通过全岩矿物分析、黏土矿物分析、岩石微观结构特征分析研究了区块不同层位岩石的特性，发现以高岭土为主的易水化分散矿物含量高和岩石存在大量孔缝微结构是导致井壁失稳的主要原因。以F49井油基钻井液为典型，基于井壁失稳机理提出了钻井液性能优化方向；合成了双亲性聚丙烯酸树脂颗粒作为油基钻井液胶结型封堵剂FD-FK、多聚脂肪酸作为油基钻井液提切剂TQ-FK，经FD-FK与TQ-FK优化后，钻井液的低剪切速率下黏度与动塑比大幅提高，可封堵的孔隙直径范围从2～90 μm扩大至2～380 μm，承压达8 MPa，封堵防塌性能优良。在阜47井三开井段现场应用优化后的防塌封堵油基钻井液，复杂井段的平均井径扩大率仅为3.35%，应用效果优良，为阜康凹陷油气“安全、高效”钻井提供了一项有力技术支撑。
- 阜康凹陷 /
- 井壁失稳 /
- 油基钻井液 /
- 封堵剂 /
- 性能优化
Abstract: Whole rock mineral analysis, clay mineral analysis and microstructure analysis of rock have been performed on rock samples taken from different formations to find the root causes of borehole wall instability encountered in the Fukang sag block. The analyses results indicated that it is the high content of kaolinite and large amount of micro pores and fractures developed in the formations that cause the borehole wall to loss its stability. Base on these borehole wall instability mechanisms, the oil based drilling fluid used to drill the well F49 was selected to determine the direction of mud property optimization. FD-FK, an amphiphilic polyacrylic acid resin, was synthesized as a cementitious plugging agent, and TQ-FK, a poly fatty acid was developed as a gelling agent, were developed for use in oil based drilling fluids. The oil based drilling fluid used in drilling the well F49, after treatment with FD-FK and TQ-FK, had its low-shear-rate viscosity and YP/PV ratio greatly increased, and the sizes of fractures that can be plugged by the drilling fluid were increased from 2～90 μm to 2～380 μm. The plugged fractures had pressure bearing capacity increased to 8 MPa, indicating that the oil based drilling fluid had good plugging capacity. The 3rd interval of the well Fu-47 was drilled with the oil based drilling fluid optimized with FD-FK and TQ-FK, the average percent hole enlargement of the problematic sections was only 3.35%. The application of this optimized oil based drilling fluid has provided a effective technical support to the safe and efficient drilling operation in the Fukang sag.
- Fukang sag /
- Borehole wall destabilization /
- Oil based drilling fluid /
- Plugging agent /
- Performance optimization

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图 1 阜康凹陷各层位岩石的扫描电子显微镜照片（放大倍数1000～3000倍，从左至右依次为1^#～17^#岩样）

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 阜康凹陷各层位岩石的扫描电子显微镜照片（放大倍数5000～10 000倍，从左至右依次为1^#～17^#岩样）

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图 3 TQ-FK对纯乳液及含土乳液性能的影响

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图 4 FD-FK在不加重油基钻井液中的封堵性能

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 优化后 F49 井油基钻井液在不同　　　孔径砂盘中 8 MPa 的累计漏失量

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 阜康凹陷地层各层位岩石全岩矿物组成

岩样	井深/m	层位	矿物含量/%
岩样	井深/m	层位	石英	钾长石	斜长石	方解石	菱铁矿	菱镁矿	石盐	黄铁矿	赤铁矿	重晶石	硬石膏	锐钛矿	片沸石	黏土矿物
1^#	2256～2266	K₁tg	42.3	9.4	15.5				1.8						1.7	29.3
2^#	2592～2596	J₂t	37.4	5.4	17.5				1.6	2.9	1.5	4.6				29.1
3^#	2900～2906	J₂t	56.2	5.3	14.1				0.9							23.5
4	3003～3019	J₂x	38.3	2.9	6.3		5.7					4.4				42.4
5^#	3240～3247	J₁s	47.7	4.4	12.0											35.9
6^#	3449～3454	J₁b	50.3		11.0				1.1							37.6
7^#	3934～3940	T₂k	33.7	2.6	11.7				2.0		2.1	2.5				45.4
8^#	4297～4317	T₁s	27.4	3.0	11.6	4.3			2.0		9.8	10.1				31.8
9^#	4460	T₁j	28.6		8.0						7.4					56.0
10^#	4540～4550	P₃W₃	27.8		8.1	6.3		3.1			3.1	11.0				40.6
11^#	4580左右	P₃W₃	37.6		4.8											57.6
12^#	4650～4660	P₃W₃	36.6		3.8	4.6					1.3	11.7				42.0
13^#	4710～4720	P₃W₁	31.3	2.3	11.1	6.1					1.9	11.5				35.8
14^#	4970～4980	P₂l	31.1		26.5	20.1					1.8					20.5
15^#	5020～5022	P₂l	35.1		30.2	3.1			1.8		5.9					23.9
16^#	5218～5222	P₂l	28.7	3.3	24.3	6.5			0.9		3.8	4.9	6.7			20.9
17^#	5307～5314	P₂l	27.3		34.6	7.9								2.4		27.8

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 阜康凹陷各地层岩石黏土矿物组成

岩样	黏土矿物相对含量/%					混层比/%
岩样	I/S	I	K	C	C/S	I/S	C/S
1^#	65	15	1	1	18	20	25
2^#	66	30	2	2		20
3^#		31	41	28
4^#	51	14	17	12	6	20	55
5^#	47	19	22	12		20
6^#	52	22	14	12		20
7^#	57	15	16	12		20
8^#	67	13	2	1	17	20	10
9^#	80	12	4	4		50
10^#	75	13	6	6		20
11^#	82	7	5	6		40
12^#	73	8	9	10		22
13^#	57	33	5	5		20
14^#	45	34	8	13		15
15^#	65	11	11	13		15
16^#	56	17	6	21		20
17^#	66	15	4	10	5	20	55

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表 3 F49井油基钻井液基本性能

实验条件	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆/φ₃	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
热滚前	66	5.62	3/2	1.0/1.5		345
热滚后	68	1.02	2/1	0.5/0.5	3.6	454
注：热滚条件为150 ℃、16 h；流变性测试温度为50 ℃；FL_HTHP在3.5 MPa下测定，下同

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表 4 F49井油基钻井液在不同砂盘中的承压及累计漏失量

砂盘孔径/ μm	不同压力（MPa）下的累计漏失量/mL
砂盘孔径/ μm	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
250	205.9	漏光
150	145.2	漏光
90	40.1	42.2	43.5	45.4	47.0	50.4	54.2	57.7
40	27.1	28.4	30.3	32.3	34.1	35.9	37.7	40.0
2	2.6	2.8	3.1	3.5	3.7	4.0	4.2	4.5
注：测试温度为150 ℃，下同

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表 5 TQ-FK对F49井油基钻井液基本性能的影响

TQ-KF/ %	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/mPa·s	φ₆/φ₃	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
0	68	1.02	0.015	2/1	1.0/1.5	3.6	454
0.2	68	6.64	0.098	4/3	2.0/3.5	3.8	642
0.5	69	7.66	0.111	7/6	4.0/6.0	4.0	661
1.0	71	7.66	0.109	8/7	4.5/8.0	4.0	650

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表 6 加入TQ-FK后F49井油基钻井液在不同孔径砂盘中的承压及累计漏失量

砂盘孔径/μm	在不同压力（MPa）下的累计漏失量/mL
砂盘孔径/μm	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
250	185.9	漏光
150	94.2	122.5	154.9	222.2	漏光
90	34.2	35.3	36.8	38.0	38.9	39.8	41.1	43.3
40	18.1	19.4	20.3	21.9	22.5	24.0	25.1	26.0
2	2.2	2.6	2.9	3.1	3.2	3.2	3.3	3.4

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表 7 FD-FK对F49井油基钻井液　　性能的影响（150 ℃、16 h）

FD-FK/ %	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	YP/PV/ Pa/mPa·s	φ₆/φ₃	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
3	71	8.69	0.122	9/6	4.0/6.5	3.4	695
4	73	8.69	0.119	9/8	5.0/8.0	3.2	723
5	77	11.75	0.153	11/10	6.5/8.5	3.2	757
6	80	12.78	0.160	14/12	7.0/9.5	3.0	791

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表 8 阜47井三开井段钻井液的基本性能

ρ/ g·cm⁻³	井深/ m	PV/ mPa·s	YP/ Pa	φ₆/φ₃	Gel/ Pa/Pa	FL_HTHP/ mL	ES/ V
1.70	3702	41	13.80	11/10	5.5/9.5	3.8	638
1.74	3904	44	13.29	11/9	5.5/9.0	4.2	647
1.76	4435	46	12.26	12/10	6.0/10.0	4.2	621
1.79	4768	47	14.31	12/10	6.0/10.0	4.0	666
1.81	5289	50	13.80	14/12	7.5/11.0	4.2	702

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阜康凹陷井壁失稳机理与封堵防塌油基钻井液体系

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.009

作者简介:
刘可成，工程师，1988年生，毕业于中国石油大学（北京）化学工程专业，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail：liukecheng2014@163.com

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Mechanisms of Borehole Wall Instability in Fukang Sag Block and an Oil Based Drilling Fluid with Plugging and Inhibitive Capacities

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祝贺《钻井液与完井液》入选2023年版北大核心期刊！

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阜康凹陷井壁失稳机理与封堵防塌油基钻井液体系

doi: 10.12358/j.issn.1001-5620.2022.04.009

作者简介: 刘可成，工程师，1988年生，毕业于中国石油大学（北京）化学工程专业，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail：liukecheng2014@163.com

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Mechanisms of Borehole Wall Instability in Fukang Sag Block and an Oil Based Drilling Fluid with Plugging and Inhibitive Capacities

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祝贺《钻井液与完井液》入选2023年版北大核心期刊！

作者简介:
刘可成，工程师，1988年生，毕业于中国石油大学（北京）化学工程专业，现在从事钻井液技术研究工作。E-mail：liukecheng2014@163.com