Research on Proppant Migration Law of Fractures in Ccontinental Shale Ggas Rreservoir
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摘要: 为了认识陆相页岩气储层裂缝中支撑剂的铺置规律，采用可视裂缝模拟系统开展支撑剂沉降铺置实验，模拟了不同压裂液黏度、排量、砂比、支撑剂粒径和支撑剂密度条件下支撑剂运移沉降的过程，同时采用PIV粒子测速技术绘制了砂堤入口处与前缘处的速度场，进一步分析了支撑剂铺置过程中颗粒的运动特征。研究结果表明，支撑剂在人工裂缝中的铺置分为四个阶段：早期阶段、中前期阶段、中后期阶段和平衡状态阶段。裂缝入口处：悬浮颗粒的速度方向近似水平向前，砂堤表面颗粒速度沿着坡面向上，支撑剂的推进主要依靠液体黏滞力的携带作用；排量增大，流场出现明显的扰动现象，排量越大，扰动程度越大。砂堤前缘处：坡顶处流场存在明显的涡流现象；液体黏度增加，涡流强度减弱，黏滞力增加，颗粒在液体冲击和携带作用下，铺置更远的距离；排量增加，整个前缘区域出现更大的旋涡，涡流作用更加强烈，此时液体的冲击作用使得支撑剂铺置效果更好；砂比增加，旋涡数量增加，强度增强，波及范围增大，支撑剂运移到裂缝更远端。滑溜水中支撑剂粒径越小、密度越大，砂堤越均匀，但要达到铺置效果，需要携砂液的作用。Abstract: In order to study the proppant migration law of fractures in continental shale gas reservoirs, a visual fracture simulation system was used to carry out proppant migration and settlement experiments, which simulated the process of proppants migration and settlement under the conditions of different fracturing fluid viscosities, displacements, sand ratios, proppant particle sizes and proppant densities. At the same time, the PIV particle velocimetry technology was used to draw the velocity fields at the entrance and the front edge of the sand bank, aiming to further analyze the particles movement characteristics during the migration process. And the following research results were obtained. The migration process of proppants in artificial fractures is divided into four stages: the early stage, the middle-early stage, the middle-late stage and the equilibrium state. At the entrance of the fracture: the velocity of suspended particles is approximately horizontal, and the velocity of particles on the surface of the sand bank is upward along the slope. The propulsion of proppants mainly depends on the carrying effect of liquid viscous force; As the displacement increases, there will be obvious disturbances in the flow field. When the displacement is greater, the degree of disturbance is stronger. At the front edge of the sand bank: There is an obvious vortex phenomenon in the flow field at the top of the slope; The viscosity of the liquid increases, the strength of the vortex is weakened, and the viscous force increases. Under the impact and carrying effect of the liquid, the particles lay farther away; As the displacement increases, a larger vortex appears in the entire front edge area, and the vortex action becomes stronger. At this time, the impact of the liquid makes the proppants placement better; When the sand ratio increases, the number of vortices increases, the strength of vortices intensifies, the spread range enlarges, and the proppants migrate to the farther end of the fracture. When the proppants particle size in slippery water is smaller and the density is higher, the sand bank becomes more uniform, but to achieve the required effect, the sand-carrying liquid is needed.
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Key words:
- Continental shale gas /
- Proppant /
- Fracturing fluid /
- Migration and settlement /
- PIV particle velocimetry /
- Impact /
- Viscous force /
- Vortex
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表 1 3种不同压裂液的实验方案
压裂液类型 支撑剂粒径/目 砂比/% 排量/（m3·h-1） 线性胶 20～40 10 1.55 携砂液 1.55 滑溜水 1.55 滑溜水 2.15 滑溜水 2.85 
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表 4 不同密度支撑剂的实验方案
压裂液
类型支撑剂
材料ρ支撑剂/
g·cm−3支撑剂
粒径/目砂比/
%排量/
m3·h−1滑溜水 聚合物 0.75 20～40 10 1.25 陶粒Ⅰ 1.57 石英砂 1.72 陶粒Ⅱ 1.80
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